Scribd
Upload
25 views12 pages

Lecture 0102

Uploaded by

mahirasadman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views12 pages

Lecture 0102

Uploaded by

mahirasadman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Probability and Statistics for

Science and Engineering

Mohammed Anwer
Lecture 01, Preliminary thoughts
Part 02, Definition of Terms
Formal Definitions
Statistics was defined as collection and interpretation of data to understand
behavior of systems.
We define further concepts based on an example problem.
Problem: Cell phone usage patterns for 18 to 24 years olds of Dhaka city.
Definition: Population is the set of all the individuals, items, or data for which a
statistical study is conducted.
For our problem, every individual, 18 to 24 years old, living within the limits of
Dhaka city will form the 'population' for this study.
Formal Definitions
Based on problems, population can be of limited size, large, or infinite.
• If we want to find the average grade of students in a course or a class, population
is can be finite.
• For our problem, population is large.
• If we want to monitor the quality of production at a factory, the population is
infinite (assuming production is continuous).
Formal Definitions
To conduct the study on the population, we will find certain characteristics of the
population. These characteristics are referred to as 'variables'.
Definition: A variable is a measurable factor, property, characteristic, or attribute
of an individual or a population.
For our problem, possible variables can be platform (OS), phone model, number of
calls per day, length of calls, location within Dhaka, etc.
Formal Definitions
If the population size is large, a
small sample is taken from the
population, and the study is Population
conducted on the sample.
Definition: A sample is a subset of
the population. Sample
In terms of Set Theory, population is
the Universal Set.
Formal Definitions, Branches of
Statistics
Descriptive statistics
• Basic features of the data
• Simple summaries
• Numerical as well as graphical presentation

Inferential statistics
• Inferring about population from sample
• Tools include estimation, hypothesis testing, prediction
Population Inferential
• Range Statistics
• Mean
• Median
• Variance

Sample
• Range
• Mean
• Median
Descriptive • Variance
Statistics
Formal Definitions, Branches of
Statistics

We will study both Descriptive Statistics and


Inferential Statistics
Example: A manufacturer of vacuum cleaners has detected that an assembly line is
operating satisfactorily if less than 2% of the cleaners produced per day are
defective. If 2% or more of the cleaners are defective, the line must be shut down
and proper adjustments have to be made. To check every cleaner as it comes off
the line would be costly and time-consuming. The manufacturer decides to choose
30 cleaners at random from a specific day’s production and test for defects.
(a) Describe the population of interest.
The manufacturer is intending to ascertain 'if less than 2% of the cleaners
produced per day are defective'. So her population of interest is 'production of
one day'.
(b) Identify the variable of interest.
The manufacturer is intending to ascertain 'if less than 2% of the cleaners
produced per day are defective’. So the variable of interest is 'defective or non-
defective state of a cleaner'.
Example (continued)
(c) Describe the sample.
The manufacturer decides to choose 30 cleaners at random from a specific
day’s production. Therefore, the sample is 30 cleaners from one day’s
production.
(d) Give an example of inference that the manufacturer might make.
The quality control 'protocol' is trying to ascertain if 'more than 2% cleaners'
are defective. The manufacturer checks 30 cleaners. 2% of 30 is 0.6. Therefore,
the manufacturer may decide 'if at least one defective cleaner is found in the
sample, the production line would be shut down for adjustment'.
This ends Lecture 01, part 2

You might also like