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Correlational Analysis

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13 views28 pages

Correlational Analysis

7

Uploaded by

corpuzmica27
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Finding Answers

through Data
Analysis
RONALD H. NACION, DevEdD
Practical Research II
 IMPORTANCE OF STATISTICS

Why do we use statistics in


research?

 TYPES OF STATISTICALDescriptive
ANALYSIS Statistics
Inferential
Statistics
Considerations in
Choosing the Statistical
Analysis to Use
Purpose
Data Type
1. To describe and MEASURES OF
CENTRAL
illustrate characteristics of TENDENCY
groups or population &VARIABILITY

2. To test significant T-TEST, Z-


differences between TEST, ANOVA
means

?
3. To test if there exists a
relationship between
bivariate
When ice
cream
consumption
rises, so
does the
number of
shark
attacks
(McQuaig,
2011)
A Mayor for a Day

If you are the mayor of that


place, should you restrict
the number of ice cream
sold to reduce the number
of shark attacks?
Question for Analysis:
 Was the rise in ice cream
sales the cause of the
increase of shark attacks?
 Is the given situation a
matter of causation or
correlation?
CORRELATION
S IN
RESEARCH
What is the nature of correlational research
designs?
What is the
Pearson product-
What patterns of
moment
correlation
association can occur
coefficient? What between two
are its uses and quantitative variables?
limitations?

How can correlational data be used to make


inferences
The Pearson Product-Moment
Coefficient
Developed by Karl Pearson (1948)
The first correlational measures to be
developed and most commonly used in
associational studies
Appropriate when data for both variables are
expressed in terms of quantitative scores
Represented by the symbol r
Statistical Assessment of
Relationships
Correlation does not imply
causation.
Correlational Research seeks
to establish
RELATIONSHIPS
Correlational Research seeks
to establish
RELATIONSHIPS
Case Number 1
Finals week is coming soon and
Melanie constantly hears almost all
teachers say, “Please study hard.” That
triggered her curiosity to know if there
is a relationship between study time
duration and test scores. She then
collected data and then organized
them using Excel.
 Is there a relationship between study
time duration and test scores?
 What is the pattern of association
between study time duration and
test scores?
 What inferences can be drawn from
the data?
1. Formulate Hypothesis
Ho :
Ha :
If p-value is < 0.05, reject the null
hypothesis
If p-value is > 0.05, accept the null
hypothesis
*p-values very close to the cutoff 0.05 are
2. Run SPSS
1. Paste the data to your SPSS Data View
2. Change the variable name, decimals, and
levels of measurement
3. Make a scatterplot (Graphs- Chart Builder-
Drag Scatter/Dot to the area- Time in Y axis and
Scores in X-Axis)
4. Add regression line (double-click on the
image- Elements- Fit line at Total)
5. Calculate the correlation (Analyze- Correlate-
Bivariate- Select Time and Score Variables)
p-value and r-
value
p-value r- value
 0.00-0.20 Negligible
< 0.05, reject the
Correlation
null hypothesis
 0.21- 0.40 Low Correlation
> 0.05, accept the  0.41-0.60 Moderate
null hypothesis Correlation
 0.61- 0.80 High Correlation
 0.81- 0.99 Very High
The Correlation Coefficient
for Association among Quantitative Variables

College
GPA
Scatterplot
A graph in which the x axis indicates 4.0
the scores on the predictor variable
3.0
and the y axis represents the scores
on the outcome variable. A point is 2.0
plotted for each individual at the
intersection of their scores. 1.0

Regression Line
A line in which the squared distances
of the points from the line are
minimized. (least square methods) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
High School
GPA
Linear Relationships and Nonliniar
Relationships
Y Y

Positive LinearX Negative Linear


X

Y Y Y

Curvilinear X Curvilinear X Independent X


 Is there a relationship between study
time duration and test scores?
 What is the pattern of association
between study time duration and
test scores?
 What inferences can be drawn from
the data?
“Therefore, having the r-value of
0.904 suggests that there is a
very high correlation between
the study time duration and test
scores and that the null
hypothesis be rejected, with the
p-value of 0.000.”
YOUR TURN 
Case Number 2
You are a student-researcher who is
currently working on a study involving the
school administrators of DepEd Leyte
Division. One of your research questions
aims to know if there is a relationship
between the age and the number of
trainings attended by the school
administrators. With the given results,
what inferences can be derived from this
In the mathematical and scientific
community, you will find many hypotheses
about what factors cause what affects.
Sometimes they are accurate, but many
are flawed or downright wrong. This is a
problem in many fields of work, such as
politics, business, medicine, and affects
people in their day to day lives as well.
This is why it is crucial to understand the
“ Ang lahat ng
bagay ay
magkaugnay ”
 “Spare the rod and spoil the
child.”
 “The early bird catches the
worm.”
 “You can’t teach an old dog new
tricks.”
 “Faint heart never won fair

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