Rational Exponents and Radical

Functions √𝑥

Algebra 2
Chapter 5
• This Slideshow was developed to accompany the textbook
√𝑥
• Big Ideas Algebra 2
• By Larson, R., Boswell
• 2022 K12 (National Geographic/Cengage)
• Some examples and diagrams are taken from the textbook.

Slides created by
Richard Wright, Andrews Academy
[email protected]
√𝑥
5-Prepare for Chapter
• Using Properties of Rational •
√𝑥
Exponents
5-Prepare for Chapter
√𝑥
5-Prepare for Chapter
√𝑥
5 2
12𝑥 𝑎 2𝑎
4
⋅ 2
2𝑥 3𝑎
5-Prepare for Chapter
• Solve for y • Solve for y
√𝑥

• 229 #1-3, 230 #1-13

 √𝑥
5.1 nth Roots and Rational
Exponents
After this lesson…
• I can explain the meaning of a rational exponent.
• I can evaluate expressions with rational exponents.
• I can solve equations using nth roots.
5.1 nth Roots and Rational
Exponents
• Root
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• If a2 = b, then a is a square (2nd) root of b
• If an = b, then a is the nth root of b
• Parts of a radical

Radical Sign
Index
√ 64
3

Radicand
5.1 nth Roots and Rational
Exponents
• Rational Exponents
√𝑥

• Evaluate
5.1 nth Roots and Rational
Exponents √𝑥
4
3
27
5.1 nth Roots and Rational
Exponents
• Find roots with a calculator
√𝑥
• The or key is for square roots (either radicand then key or key then
radicand depending on calculator)
• The or or is for any root (index  key  radicand OR radicand  key 
index)
• Try it with
5.1 nth Roots and Rational
Exponents
• Steps to solve an equation with an exponent
√𝑥
1. Isolate the exponent term
2. Take the root of both sides where the index is the exponent
• If the index is even, put ±
3. Solve
4. Check your answers!!!
5.1 nth Roots and Rational
Exponents
• Solve. Round to two decimal places, • (x + 3)4 = 24
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if necessary.
• 5x3 = 320

• 235 #7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23,

27, 31, 35, 37, 39, 43, 47, 49, 51, 53,
55
 √𝑥
5.2 Properties of Rational
Exponents and Radicals
After this lesson…
• I can simplify radical expressions with rational exponents.
• I can explain when radical expressions are in simplest form.
• I can simplify variable expressions containing rational exponents and radicals.
5.2 Properties of Rational Exponents
and Radicals
• Using Properties of Rational Exponents
√𝑥

•
5.2 Properties of Rational Exponents
and Radicals
• 61/2  61/3 • (271/361/4)2
√𝑥
5.2 Properties of Rational Exponents
and Radicals √𝑥
𝑡
• (43 w3)-1/3

3
𝑡 4
5.2 Properties of Rational Exponents
and Radicals
• Using Properties of Radicals
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• Product Property 

• Quotient Property 
5.2 Properties of Rational Exponents
and Radicals √𝑥
5.2 Properties of Rational Exponents
and Radicals √𝑥
1
√7 −2
5.2 Properties of Rational Exponents
and Radicals
• Adding and Subtracting Roots and Radicals
√𝑥
• Simplify the radicals
• Combine like terms
• 5(43/4) − 3(43/4)
5.2 Properties of Rational Exponents
and Radicals √𝑥
5.2 Properties of Rational Exponents
and Radicals
• Writing Radicals in Simplest Form
√𝑥
• Remove any perfect roots
• Rationalize denominators
5.2 Properties of Rational Exponents
and Radicals √𝑥

√4 7
8
5.2 Properties of Rational Exponents
and Radicals √𝑥
2
3
18 𝑟 𝑠
1
−3
6𝑟 𝑡 4
242 #1-49 every other odd, 51, 55, 59, 63, 67, 71, 73, 81, 85, 87, 93, 95
 √𝑥
5.3 Graphing Radical
Equations
After this lesson…
• I can graph radical functions.
• I can describe transformations of radical functions.
• I can write functions that represent transformations of radical functions.
5.3 Graphing Radical Equations
• Work with a partner.
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• Graph each function. How are the graphs alike? How are they different?
• i.
• ii.
• iii.
• iv.
5.3 Graphing Radical Equations
√𝑥
𝑦 =√ 𝑥 𝑦 =√ 𝑥
3

domain x≥0 Domain: all real numbers

range y≥0 Range: all real numbers
5.3 Graphing Radical Equations
• How graphs transform
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• Graph by making a table of values.

Where
• a vertical stretch by factor of a
• b horizontal shrink by factor of
• If a is −, reflection over x-axis
• If b is −, reflection over y-axis
• h translates right
• k translates up
5.3 Graphing Radical Equations
• Describe the transformation of f •;
√𝑥
represented by g. Then graph each
function.
•;
5.3 Graphing Radical Equations
√𝑥
• The function approximates the number of seconds it takes a dropped object
to fall d feet on Earth. The function J(d) = 0.63 ⋅ E(d) approximates the
number of seconds it takes a dropped object to fall d feet on Jupiter. How long
does it take a dropped object to fall 81 feet on Jupiter?
5.3 Graphing Radical Equations
√𝑥
• Let the graph of g be a horizontal stretch by a factor of 3, followed by a
translation 6 units right of the graph of . Write a rule for g.
5.3 Graphing Radical Equations
• Graphing horizontal parabolas and
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circles
• Solve the equation for y.
• Create a table of values.
• Plot the points and draw graph.

• Graph . Identify the vertex and the

direction that the parabola opens.
5.3 Graphing Radical Equations
• Graph . Identify the radius and the
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intercepts.

• 250 #1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37,

39, 41, 45, 49, 59, 67, 69, 71, 73, 79
 √𝑥
5.4 Solving Radical
Equations and Inequalities
After this lesson…
• I can identify radical equations and inequalities.
• I can solve radical equations and inequalities.
• I can identify extraneous solutions of radical equations.
• I can solve real-life problems involving radical equations.
5.4 Solving Radical Equations and
Inequalities
• Work with a partner.
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• a. Two students solve the equation as shown. Justify each solution step in the
fi rst student’s solution. Then describe each student’s method. Are the
methods valid? Explain.
5.4 Solving Radical Equations and
Inequalities
• Radical Equation
√𝑥
• Equation containing a radical

• Steps
1. Isolate the radical
2. Raise both sides to whatever the index is (or the reciprocal of the
exponent)
3. Solve
4. Check your answers!!!
5.4 Solving Radical Equations and
Inequalities √𝑥
5.4 Solving Radical Equations and
Inequalities √𝑥
5.4 Solving Radical Equations and
Inequalities √𝑥

• Check!
• 258 #1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 31, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 51, 57, 61, 69, 77, 81
 √𝑥
5.5 Performing Function
Operations
After this lesson…
• I can explain what it means to perform an arithmetic operation on two functions.
• I can fi nd arithmetic combinations of two functions.
• I can state the domain of an arithmetic combination of two functions.
• I can evaluate an arithmetic combination of two functions for a given input.
5.5 Performing Function Operations
• Work with a partner. Consider the
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graphs of f and g.
• a. Describe what it means to add two
functions. Then describe what it
means to subtract one function from
another function.
5.5 Performing Function Operations
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• Sometimes for your problems you need to repeat several calculations over
and over again (think science class).

• It would be quicker to combine all the equations that you are using into one
equation first, so that you only have to do one equation each time instead of
many.
5.5 Performing Function Operations
• Ways to combine functions
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• Addition:

• Subtraction:

• Multiplication:

• Division:
5.5 Performing Function Operations
• Given and find
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5.5 Performing Function Operations
• Let and . Find
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and state the domain. Then evaluate .
5.5 Performing Function Operations
• Let and . Find and state the domain. Then evaluate .
√𝑥
5.5 Performing Function Operations
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• From 2010 to 2020, the populations (in thousands) of City M and City N can
be modeled by and
, where t is the number of years since 2010. Find (M − N)(t) and explain what
it represents.

• 265 #1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 17, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 35, 37, 39
 √𝑥
5.6 Composition of
Functions
After this lesson…
• I can evaluate a composition of functions.
• I can fi nd a composition of functions.
• I can state the domain of a composition of functions.
5.6 Composition of Functions
• Work with a partner.
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• The formulas below represent the temperature F (in degrees Fahrenheit)
when the temperature is C degrees Celsius, and the temperature C when the
temperature is K (Kelvin).

• a. Write an expression for F in terms of K.

5.6 Composition of Functions
• Composition
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• Put one function into the other.
(Like substitution)
• Written g(f(x))
• Said “g of f of x”
• Means that the output (range) of f
is the input (domain) of g. Work
from the inside out. Do f(x) first
then g(x).

• f(x) gets substituted into g(x)

5.6 Composition of Functions
• Let and • b. f(g(3))
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.
• Find the indicated value.
• a. g(f (2))

• c. g(g(−3))
5.6 Composition of Functions
• Let and . • b. g(f(x))
√𝑥
Perform the indicated operation and
state the domain.
• a. f(g(x))

• c. f(f(x))
5.6 Composition of Functions
√𝑥
• The function C(x) = 8.74x represents the cost (in dollars) of producing x
shirts. The number of shirts produced in t hours is represented by x(t) = 84t.
(a) Find C(x(t)). (b) Evaluate C(x(40)) and explain what it represents.

• 271 #1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 31, 33, 37, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51
 √𝑥

5.7 Inverse of a Function

After this lesson…
• I can explain what inverse functions are.
• I can fi nd inverses of linear and nonlinear functions.
• I can determine whether a pair of functions are inverses.
5.7 Inverse of a Function
• Work with a partner.
√𝑥
• a. Consider each pair of functions, f and g, below. For each pair, create an
input-output table of values for each function. Use the outputs of f as the
inputs of g. What do you notice about the relationship between the equations
of f and g?
• i.
5.7 Inverse of a Function
√𝑥
• Sometimes you want to do the opposite operation that a given function or
equation gives you.

• To do the opposite, or undo, the operation you need the inverse function.
5.7 Inverse of a Function
• Properties of Inverses
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• x and y values are switched
• graph is reflected over the line y = x

• You can use the Horizontal Line test to determine if the inverse of a function
is also a function.
• If a horizontal line can touch a graph more than once, then the inverse is
not a function.
5.7 Inverse of a Function
• Definition of inverses
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• Two functions are inverses if and only if
• and
5.7 Inverse of a Function
• Verify that and are inverses.
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5.7 Inverse of a Function
• Finding inverses
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• Inverses switch the x and y coordinates
• Switch x and y and solve for y.
5.7 Inverse of a Function
• Find the inverse
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5.7 Inverse of a Function
• The power (in watts) of a lightbulb that has a resistance of 240 ohms is
√𝑥
represented by , where x is the electric current of a lightbulb in amperes. Find
and interpret .

• 279 #1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 43, 45, 47, 51, 57, 71, 77, 83, 87, 91