Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Class 12 Mathematics
Introduction
• • Inverse trigonometric functions are the
inverse functions of the basic trigonometric
functions.
• • They help determine angles from given
trigonometric ratios.
• • Commonly used in calculus, geometry, and
real-world applications.
Definitions and Basic Concepts
• • Inverse of sine: y = sin⁻¹(x) → x = sin(y),
where -1 ≤ x ≤ 1 and -π/2 ≤ y ≤ π/2.
• • Similarly, define inverse for cosine, tangent,
cotangent, secant, and cosecant.
• • These functions are restricted to their
principal branches.
Principal Values
• • sin⁻¹(x): [-π/2, π/2]
• • cos⁻¹(x): [0, π]
• • tan⁻¹(x): (-π/2, π/2)
• • cot⁻¹(x): (0, π)
• • sec⁻¹(x): [0, π], x ≠ (0, 1)
• • cosec⁻¹(x): [-π/2, π/2], x ≠ 0
Properties
• • sin⁻¹(-x) = -sin⁻¹(x)
• • cos⁻¹(-x) = π - cos⁻¹(x)
• • tan⁻¹(-x) = -tan⁻¹(x)
• • sin⁻¹(x) + cos⁻¹(x) = π/2
• • tan⁻¹(x) + cot⁻¹(x) = π/2
Graphs
• • The graphs of inverse trigonometric
functions are symmetric about specific axes.
• • Useful in understanding domain and range
visually.
Applications
• • Solving equations in calculus.
• • Engineering problems involving angles and
waveforms.
• • Physics concepts such as oscillations and
waves.
• • Geometry problems and computer graphics.
Conclusion
• • Inverse trigonometric functions are crucial in
mathematics and real-life applications.
• • Understanding their properties and graphs
aids in solving complex problems.
• • They provide a foundation for advanced
topics in calculus and trigonometry.
