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 Presentation on

“Structural Analysis”
Author
Mr. R. D. Shambharkar
Department of Civil Engineering

Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur

South Ambazari Road, Nagpur

DTEL
2
 PREFACE
As an academician, we all aim at providing quality education and to guide our
students, so that the students get maximum benefit, that promotes their success and
inculcates in them desire to learn. One of the best tools available to us in this pursuit
is PPT instruction that is systematic and self Learning.
My desire in preparing this PPT is to support the teachers, who have the very
demanding task of Teaching-Plan to deliver instruction on a lecture/period basis.
The PPT is therefore prepared lecture wise.
With deep regards and humbleness, I thank both our Management of MGI for
motivating and our CEO for strong follow-ups to prepare PPTs under DTEL. Again
I would like to thank to Dr. M. S. Bhagat for her valuable suggestion and motivation.

Mr. R. D. Shambharkar

DTEL
3
 Course Outcomes
The students shall be able to
• Apply the different methods of analysis of frames in practical
problems
• Formulation of stiffness matrix, transformation matrix, load
matrix for various structural components for analysis purposes.
• Understand the basics of finite element method in the analysis
of structural components.
• Understand the concepts related to structural dynamics.

DTEL
 RTMNU Syllabus
Unit – I (STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES)
• Introduction to Statically indeterminate Structures: Concept of Static indeterminacy.
• Analysis of Fixed and Continuous Beams by Three Moments Theorem, effects of Sinking
of Support.
Unit - II
• Analysis of Continuous Beams & Portal frames by Slope Deflection Method.
• Analysis of Continuous Beams & Simple Portal frames (sway and Non Sway) Using
Moment Distribution Method.
Unit - III
• Rolling loads on simply supported beams with concentrated and uniformly distributed
loads, maximum B.M. and S.F. Influence Line Diagrams for Reactions, Shear Forces and
Bending Moments in simply supported beam, cantilevers and beams with overhangs, ILD
for forces in members of Simple Trusses. DTEL
 RTMNU Syllabus
• Unit - IV
• Basic concept, Degree of Freedom, Direct Stiffness Method.
• Formulation of elemental/local stiffness matrix and global stiffness
matrix for beam members (without axial deformation), for plane
frame members.
• Member load matrix due to concentrated loads, uniformly distributed
loads.
• Transformation matrix, Assembly of global/ structural load matrix up
to three elements.
• Solution to problems with maximum
DTEL degree of freedom three.
 RTMNU Syllabus
Unit – V
• Formulation of elemental/local stiffness matrix and global
stiffness matrix for plane truss.
• Transformation matrix, Assembly of global/ Structural stiffness
matrix up to ( 8 x 8).
• Assembly of global/structural load matrix.
• Solution to problems with maximum degree of freedom three.

DTEL
DTEL
Structural Analysis

Threat Structure Response

 Threat
Dead Load
(Self weight) Live Load

Earthquake
Wind Load
Earth Pressure Water pressure
Foundation Settlement
Snow Load Thermal Loads
Machine vibration
Construction loads
Wave and Current Corrosion
Blast and Impact Load (Offshore Structure) Creep
Other Loads
Structures
Structural Analysis

Threat Structure Response

Steps in Structural Analysis

Mathematical
Physical Idealized
Representation Solution
System (simplified)
of Idealized
System
System

Starting Point of Analysis

Equilibrium
Compatibility
Boundary conditions
Structural Analysis: The Course

Topic Week (s)

Finite Element Method (FEM)
Review of SA I, Kani’s Method 1&2
Moment Distribution Method 3 &4
MSA: Trusses 5&6
MSA: Beams 7, & 8
MSA: Plane Frames 9 & 10
Introduction to FEM 11 & 12
Structural Analysis I
Reference Books for this course:
1. Devdas Menon, Advanced Structural Analysis, Narosa Publishing House,
2009
2. Asslam Kassimali, Matrix Analysis of Structures, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Co., USA, 1999
3. Amin Ghali, Adam M Neville and Tom G Brown, Structural Analysis: A
Unified Classical and Matrix Approach, Sixth Edition, 2007, Chapman &
Hall.
4. C K Wang, ‘Intermediate Structural Analysis”
5. S P Timoshenko, ‘Theory of Structure’
6. Jain, Jain Krishna, ‘Plain & Reinforced Concrete Structures’, Vol-II
7. Rally and Dally, ‘Experimental Stress Analysis’
8. S. Ramamurtham, ‘Theory of Structure’
 Next Lecture
Review of Structural Analysis I:
Degrees of Freedom, Constraints & Static Equilibrium

Thank You!!
 Module I: Lecture 2

Review of Structural Analysis I

Degrees of Freedom, Constraints & Static Equilibrium
Supports: External Stability of Structures
Without supports any structure is unstable
Support provides constraints and reduces number of DOF
Depending on the number and type of constraints there are different kinds of
supports.

Support
Unstable (DOF are
constrained)
Stable
Supports: Types
Fixed (Built-in)
Constraints : All DOF

Representation

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Supports: Types
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Hinged (Pinned)
Constraints : All Translation
DOF : Rotation

Representation

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Supports: Types
Sticky Roller (or Roller)
Constraints : One Translation
DOF : Rotation and
One Translation
Representation

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 Free Body Diagram: Support Reactions and Internal Forces
P m P
A B A B
Ax C
C
x Ay FBD of Beam AB By
n
P MA P
A B A B
Ax
C C
Ay By
P Mx
A
Fx Vx Mx B
Ax C
Ay Vx Fx
x By

+
Free Body Diagram: Support Reactions and Internal Forces
P1 P2 P3
F G H 1 I J

E
A B C D
1

Tension + +
 Free Body Diagram: Support Reactions and Internal Forces
P1 P2 P3
F G H FHI FHI I J

FCI
FCI
Ax
A B C FCD FCD D E
Ay Ey

FBD of section 1-1

Tension + +
Equations of Static Equilibrium
Internal External loads and the internal
External Forces
loads forces and moments developed in
the structure are in equilibrium

 External Forces   Internal Forces 0

 External Moments   Internal Moments 0
Three Dimension

Two Dimension
Statically Determinate and Indeterminate Structures
Determinate: Static equilibrium equations alone are sufficient for
determining support reactions or internal forces

Equilibrium
Compatibility
Boundary conditions
Statically Determinate and Indeterminate Structures
Indeterminate: Static equilibrium equations alone are NOT sufficient
for determining support reactions or internal forces

Additional equations
Statically Determinate and Indeterminate Structures
Indeterminate: Static equilibrium equations alone are NOT sufficient
for determining support reactions or internal forces

Equilibrium
Compatibility
Boundary conditions

Additional equations
Statically Determinate and Indeterminate Structures

No. of Unknowns < No. of Unknowns = No. of Unknowns >

No of Equilibrium No of Equilibrium No of Equilibrium
Equations Equations Equations

Unstable Determinate Indeterminate

 Next Lecture
Kinematic Indeterminacy

Thank You!!
Module I: Lecture 3

Kinematic Indeterminacy
Kinematic Indeterminacy

Degrees of Freedom (DOF)

The degree of freedom of a mechanical system is the number of
independent coordinates required to completely specify the
configuration of the system.

X
Degrees of Freedom (DOF)

Translation in X Translation in Y Translation in Z

Six DOF in Three Dimension

Rotation about X Rotation about Y Rotation about Z

Degrees of Freedom (DOF)

Translation in X Translation in Y Rotation about Z

Three DOF in Two Dimension
Three DOF in Two Dimension

Translation in X Translation in Y Rotation in XY Plane

X
Deformation in Skeletal Structures
When a structure is loaded, the joints undergo displacements in the
form of translation and rotation. A C
B
B B B C C

C
A D C
D A D
Kinematic Indeterminacy BH 2
In a skeletal structure the B
Kinematic Indeterminacy is the B BV 1
total number of degrees of
freedom at various joints. CH 5

Kinematic
A
Indeterminacy (nk) = 5 D
D C C
3 DV
DH 4
Kinematic Indeterminacy
B
Kinematic
Indeterminacy (nk) = 0

A C
D
Kinematic Indeterminacy
A B
Kinematic
Indeterminacy (nk) = 3
(A , B , BH )
A B
A B
BH
If Axial Deformation is Neglected
Kinematic A B B B
Indeterminacy (nk) = 2 B
A
(A , B)
 Next Lecture
Kani’s Method applied to Beams

Thank You!!
 Next Lecture
Stiffness Method for Analysis of Beam

Thank You!!