Interconnecting

Cisco Networking
Devices Part 1
(ICND1
Learner Introductions

 Your name
 Your company
 Job responsibilities
 Skills and knowledge
 Brief history
 Objective
Learner Skills and Knowledge

 Basic computer literacy

 Basic Windows navigation skills
 Basic Internet usage skills
 Basic e-mail usage skills
Exploring the Functions of
Networking
Course Goal
“To provide you with the knowledge and skills
necessary to install, operate, and troubleshoot
a small network”

Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1

General Administration

Class-Related
Facilities-Related
 Course sheet
Sign-in materials
 Length
Site emergency
and timesprocedures
 Breakrooms
Rest and lunch room locations
 Attire
Telephones and faxes
Course Flow

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

Course
Introduction Module 2 Module 4 Module 5 Module 6
A Ethernet LAN WAN Network
M Module 1 LANs Connections Connections Environment
Building a Management
Simple
Network

Lunch
Module 2
Module 1 Ethernet Module 4 Capstone Lab
LANs Module 5
P Building a LAN WAN
M Simple Connections Connections
Network Module 3
Wireless
LANs
Cisco Icons and Symbols

Router Wireless Secure Router Firewall Home Office

Router

Workgroup Access Point IP Phone Mobile Small

Switch Access Business
Phone

Wireless Line: Serial Line: Ethernet

Connectivity
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Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1
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Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1
CCNA Prep Center

www.cisco.com/go/prepcenter
 What Is the Lifecycle Services Framework?

• The Cisco Lifecycle Services Framework defines the minimum set of activities needed to deploy, operate,
and optimize Cisco technologies successfully throughout the lifecycle of a network.
• There are six phases in the network lifecycle: Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate and Optimize.
• Each phase has a set of service components comprising activities and deliverables to help ensure
service excellence. A network service is performed when a service component item is completed.
CCNA Students:
A Focus on “Implement” and “Operate”

Phase Benefits of the Lifecycle Services Approach

Make sound financial decisions by developing a business case that
Prepare
establishes the financial justification for making a technology change.
Assess the existing environment to determine whether it can support the
Plan
proposed system sufficiently and securely.

Design Design a solution that meets business and technical requirements.

Integrate the new solution without disrupting the network or creating

Implement
points of vulnerability.

Operate Maintain network health through day-to-day operations.

Achieve operational excellence by adapting the architecture,

operation, and performance of the network to ever-changing
Optimize
business requirements and positioning it to reenter the prepare
phase of its lifecycle.
Overview

Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to

perform tasks related to:
 Main components of a computer
 Information Flow
 Network Interface Cards (NICs)
 Simple TCP/IP Configuration
 Number Systems (Binary, Decimal & Hexadecimal
 Basic Networking Technology
Computers and Internet
Think of
 Business Applications & Users
 Home Applications & Users
Before Internet
Today
Computers is an integral part of the network.
Computers
 PCs, Enterprise Systems (Servers, Mainframes),
PDAs, Mobile Telephones, ...
Main components of a computer

Inside of a PC

NIC
(Network Interface Card)
Main components of a computer
Mainboard Picture
Main components of a computer

Mainboard Layout &

System Bus
Main components of a computer

Information Flow over System Bus

 Network Interface Cards (NICs)

NICs (Network Interface Cards)

 Also called LAN Adapters
Three factors to consider when
selecting a NIC.
 Type of Network
 Type of media
 Type of system bus

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—21

 Installation of a NIC

The NIC allows hosts

to connect to the
network and is,
therefore,
considered a key
component. From
time to time, you
may need to install
a NIC.

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—22

Simple TCP/IP Configuration on a
Windows Systems

Multiprotocol Support over Multiple Network Adapters

System

StartMy Network PlacesView network connections

Getting Information about TCP/IP
Configuration for Windows
Getting Information about TCP/IP
Configuration for other Win.

ipconfig for Windows based Systems (Typically

Windows NT but OK for Windows 98 Second Edition)
 /all displays everything
WHAT IS NETWORK?
Network User Applications

 E-mail (Outlook, POP3, Yahoo, and so on)

 Web browser (IE, Firefox, and so on)
 Instant messaging (Yahoo IM, Microsoft Messenger, and so on)
 Collaboration (Whiteboard, Netmeeting, WebEx, and so on)
 Databases (file servers)
Impact of User Applications on the Network

 Batch applications
– FTP, TFTP, inventory updates
– No direct human interaction
– Bandwidth important, but not critical
 Interactive applications
– Inventory inquiries, database updates.
– Human-to-machine interaction.
– Because a human is waiting for a
response, response time is important
but not critical, unless the wait
becomes excessive.
 Real-time applications
– VoIP, video
– Human-to-human interaction
– End-to-end latency critical
Characteristics of a Network

 Speed
 Cost
 Security
 Availability
 Scalability
 Reliability
 Topology
Physical Topology Categories
Full-Mesh Topology

 Highly fault-tolerant
 Expensive to implement
Summary

 A network is a connected collection of devices that can

communicate with each other. Networks carry data in many kinds
of environments, including homes, small businesses, and large
enterprises.
 There are four major categories of physical components in a
computer network: the computer, interconnections, switches, and
routers.
 Networks are depicted graphically using a set of standard icons.
 The major resources that are shared in a computer network
include data and applications, peripherals, storage devices, and
backup devices.
 The most common network user applications include e-mail, web
browsers, instant messaging, collaboration, and databases.
 User applications affect the network by consuming network
resources.
Evolution of Data Networks

Step 1
 Data networks is a result of computer applications written for
business
 Standalone devices each operated on its own. Independent
from each other.

Communication ?
Evolution of Data Networks

Step 2
 Standalone devices
– Not efficient or cost effective
– Causes duplication of equipment and resources
– No communicaton is possible, file and printer sharing is
provided by a crude version of a network called Sneaker Net

Sneaker Net
Evolution of Data Networks

Step 3
 Early 1980s a tremendous growth in networking
technologies but chaotic in many ways
Mid-1980s a variety of different hardware and software
implementations
 Incompatible technologies that can not communicate
with each other.
Standardization ?
Interoperability ?
Evolution of Data Networks

Step 4
 Creation of LANs (Local Area Networks) and its
popularity speeds up standardization efforts. LANs
turn each department or company into an electronic
island.

Longer Distance Communication ?

 Evolution of Data Networks

Step 5
 What was needed is a way to connect these
electronic islands. The creation of MANs
WANs
(Metropolitian Area Networks) and (Wide
Area Networks) provided the solution.
 WANs can connect user networks over large
geopraphic areas. Business World can communicate
with each other across great distances.
Examples of Data Networks

• LANs and/or WANs can be linked to each other by internetworking.

• Internet
Local Area Networks (LANs)

LANs are designed to:

 Operate within a limited geographic area
 Allow multi-access to high-bandwidth media
 Control the network privately under local administration
 Provide full-time connectivity to local services
 Connect physically adjacent devices
 Ethernet, FastEthernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Token Ring,
FDDI, ATM well-known technologies used in LANs
LANs and devices

Switch 100BaseT
Hub

Small Hub
Bridge (10BaseT
Hub)

Router

LANs are designed to operate within

a limited geographic area
Wide Area Networks (WANs)

WANs are designed to:

 Operate over large geographical area.
 Allow access over serial interfaces operating at lower speeds.
 Provide full-time and part-time connectivity
 Connect devices seperated over wide, even global areas.
Number Systems

Decimal Number System (0..9)

Binary Number System (0/1)
Hexadecimal Number System (0..F)
Conversion routines between number systems
Decimal Number System

4321 = (4 x 103) + (3 x 102) + (2 x 101) + (1 x 100)

Dotted-Decimal Notation
 IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, etc.
Binary Number System

45
Binary Number System

Computers don’t think in the decimal number system, they use

binary number system.
For example A is represented by 1000001 in a computer.
ASCII Chart
Other code tables
 EBCDIC
 UNICODE
Binary Number System (Bits and
Bytes)

10011 = (1 x 24) + (0 x 23) + (0 x 22) + (1 x 21) + (1 x 20) = 19

Each digit is called a bit in the binary number system.

 IP address is 32 bits.
 MAC address is 48 bits.
 IPX address is 80 bits.
 IPV6 address is 128 bits

IP address, binary form

192.168.0.101
 11000000.10101000.00000000.01100101

255.255.255.0
 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Units of Information
Conversion Routines
(Decimal to 8-Bit Binary)

243 / 2  Resultant = 121, Remainder = 1

121 / 2  60, 1
60 / 2  30, 0
30 / 2  15, 0 243 = 11110011
15 / 2  7, 1
7 / 2  3, 1
3 / 2  1, 1
1
 Conversion Routines
(8-Bit Binary to Decimal)

Usually 8 bit operations are made.

Maximum number that can be
written by 8 bits is 255.
243 =
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
27 2 6 2 5 24 23 22 2 1 2 0
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
http://forums.cisco.com/CertCom/game/binary_game_page.
htm
Conversion Examples

224 = ?
193 = ?
75 = ?
11100110 = ?
10101011 = ?
00111100 = ?
Your IP address = ? (binary form)
10111001.11001100.11111111.11101110 = ?
215.267.245.34 = ?
Hexadecimal Number System

0, 1, 2, 3, ..., 9, A, B, C, D, E , F
ABCD = (10 x 163) + (11 x 162) + (12 x 161) + (13 x 160) =
(10 x 4096) + (11 x 256) + (12 x 16) + (13 x 1) = 43981
1 hex digit = 4 binary digit
 D = 1101, A = 1010, 5 = 0101, etc.
Some numbers represented in hex.
 MAC address is 48 bits.
 Represented in 12 hex digits.
– Look at your machine’s MAC address
in the output of winipcfg.exe
or ipconfig /all
Conversion Examples

22 (H) = ? (D)
193 (D) = ? (H)
1024 (D) = ? (H)
11100110 (B) = ? (H)
10101011 (B) = ? (H)
00111100 (B) = ? (H)
Your MAC Address (H) = ? (dotted decimal notation)
Your MAC address (H) = ? (B)
WANs and devices

ATM
Router Switch

ISDN
Access Switch
Server
Modem
WAN CSU/DSU
Bandwidth
TA/NT1
Switch
WANs are designed to operate over large geographical
area.
Bandwidth

We are trying to describe the AMOUNT of

information flow in a SPECIFIC period of
time
Bits per second is a unit of bandwidth
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—55
Bandwidth

In digital systems : Data speed in bits per second (bps).

 A modem that works at 56,000 bps
 A T1 line that works at 1,544 Mbps
 A E1 line that works at 2048 Kbps
 A 10 Base-T Ethernet Line that works at 10Mbps

In analog systems : Difference between the highest-

frequency signal component and the lowest-frequency signal
component. (Frequency is measured in the number of cycles of
change per second, or Hertz)
 Typical voice signal ~ 0-3 kHz
 Analog television broadcast video signal ~ 6MHz
Analogies

Pipe Analogy
Analogies

Highway Analogy
WAN Services and bandwidth