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C Programming Ca1-1

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C Programming Ca1-1

Uploaded by

debadritadutta4
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology

Presentation on:
HEADER FILES IN C
Paper name:Programming for Problem
Solving
Paper code:BCAC102
Department of BCA
Presented by:
Debamita Sinha
Roll no.-
184297
INTRODUCTION
• In C programming,header files are used to declare
functions, macros and variables that can be shared
across multiple source files.
• A header file typically has a .h extension and contains
declaration of functions and data structures,which
allows these components to be used in other source
files by including the header.
Click icon to add picture
In C programming,there are various types of header
files. Here are some of the most commonly used header
files in C:
• <stdio.h>
• <conio.h>
• <string.h>
• <math.h>

2
THE PURPOSE
OF HEADER
FILES
ORGANIZATION
They organize code by separating
declaration from definitions,
promoting modularity and reducing
code redundancy.
REUSABILITY
Header files enable code reuse by
providing access to pre-defined
functions and data structures. This
saves time and promotes consistent
code.
COMPILATION
They provide the compiler with
necessary information to veriy the
correctness and consistency of
function calls and variable usage
within a program.
STANDARDIZATION
Use pre-defined library to save time
as well as effort in C programming.
<stdio.h>
The #include<stdio.h> directive is commonly used in C programming as it includes
the standard input-output header file(stdio.h),which contains essential functions like-

1.printf()-
Prints textlines or strings and values of different variables.
2.scanf()-
Used to take input values from the user of different data type.
3.puts()-
Displays a string or texts only. We cannot print values of variables using puts().
4.gets()-
Used to get/input string from the user.
5.putchar()-
Prints a character to the standard output stream.
6.getchar()-
Reads a character from the standard input.
7.fflush(stdin)-
Used to flash out the memory buffer.

4 Presentation title 20XX


<conio.h>
1.clrscr()-It clears the output window.
2.getch()-It means get or input a character from the user.If we use this function before closing
the main() then if there’s no error in the program we’ll get to see the output.

5 Presentation title 20XX


<string.h>
string.h is a standard header file in the C language that contains functions for manipulating
strings (arrays of characters). <string.h> header file contains some useful string functions like-

1strlen()-Used to count the number of characters in a string without null character i.e. the
length of the string.
2.strcpy()-Used to copy one string to another.
3.strncpy()- Used to copy first n characters of one string to another.
4.strcmp()-Used to compare two strings(case sensitive).
5.strcmpi()-Used to compare two strings(case insensitive).
6.strcat()-Used to concatenate or merge two input strings.
7.strncat()-Concatenates first n characters of one string to another.
8.strrev()-Used to reverse a string. .
9.strlwr()- Converts a string to lowercase.
10.strupr()-Converts a string to uppercase.
11.strpdup()-Duplicates a string. .
6 Presentation title 20XX
EXAMPLE PROGRAM
USING <string.h>

7 Presentation title 20XX


<math.h>
<math.h> header file contains a set of functions and predefined constants for performing mathe-
matical operations in C programs.Some common functions are-

1.double sqrt(d)-Returns the square root of d.


2.double pow(d1,d2)-Returns d1 raised to the d2 power.
3.double sin(d)- Return the sine of d.
4.double log(d)- Return the natural logarithm of d.
5.double tan(d)- Return the tangent of d.
6.double ceil(d)- Round up to the next integer value(the smallest that is greater than or equal to
d.
7.double exp(d)- Raise e to the power d(e=2.7182818… is the base of the
natural(Naperian)system of logarithms).
8.double cos(d)- Return the cosine of d.
9.double cbrt(d)- Returns the cube root of d.
10.double remainder(d1,d2)- Returns the remainder of d1 divided by d2, but with a sign match-
ing the dividend.
11.double fmod(d1,d2)- Return the remainder(i.e.,the non-integer part of the quotient) of d1/d2,
with same sign
as d1.
12.double fabs(d)-Returns the absolute value of d.
13.double tanh(d)-Returns the hyperbolic tangent of d.
14.double round(d)-Returns the nearest integer value to d,rounding half-way cases away from 0.
15.double
8
trunc(d)- Returns the integer part of d,i.e.,it truncates the decimal part.
Presentation title 20XX
EXAMPLE PROGRAM
USING <math.h>

9 Presentation title 20XX


TROBLESHOOTING HEADER FILE
ISSUES
MISSING INCLUDES CIRCULAR NAMING
Ensure that all necessary CONFLICTS
header files are properly
DEPENDENCIES
included in the source Identify and resolve Avoid naming conflicts
files that depend on circular dependencies by using unique and
them between header fies descriptive names for
by using forward functions, variables
declaration or and constants in
PATH ISSUES MISMATCHED header files
recognizing the code
Path issues occur FUNCTION
when the compiler DECLARATION
can’t find the header It occurs when the
file,so ensure the file header and
implementation files
path in the #include
don’t match in
directive is correct, parameters or return
using relative paths if types,so ensure they are
necessary. identical
CONCLUSIO
N
In conclusion, header files play a crucial role in C
programming by providing declarations for functions,
variables, and macros, enabling code modularity and
reusability. However, common issues such as missing
files, circular dependencies, name conflicts, and
incorrect file paths can complicate development. To
ensure smooth compilation, it's essential to follow best
practices like using include guards, organizing headers in
appropriate directories, and ensuring function
declarations in header files match their corresponding
implementations. Debugging tips, such as enabling
verbose compiler output and checking paths, can help
identify and resolve issues. By adhering to these
guidelines, developers can maintain cleaner, more
efficient code and avoid the pitfalls associated with
improper header file management.
11
Thank you!
REFERENCE:
1. “Programming in ANSI C”(fifth edition) by E
Balagurusamy
2. “Programming with C”(Third edition)-BYRON
GOTTFRIED
3. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/header-files-in-c-cpp-a
nd-its-uses/
(last accessed at 09:56 on 24.11.2024)
4. https://www.javatpoint.com/c-header-files (last
accesed at 09:59 on 24.11.2024)
5. https://www.w3schools.in/c-programming/c-header-file
s
(last accessed at 10:02 on 24.11.2024)

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