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Exploring Mathematical Systems

Mathematical system

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3K views10 pages

Exploring Mathematical Systems

Mathematical system

Uploaded by

Teresita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exploring

Mathematical Systems
Welcome to an exciting journey into the world of mathematical systems! In
this module, we'll uncover the building blocks that form the foundation of
mathematics. From undefined terms to axioms and theorems, we'll explore
how these components work together to create a logical structure for solving
problems and understanding the world around us.

by Jhonnahbella
The Building Blocks:
Undefined Terms
Every mathematical system starts with undefined terms - the basic concepts
that we can describe but not define precisely. These are like the atoms of
mathematics, forming the foundation for everything else. In geometry, for
example, point, line, and plane are undefined terms. We can visualize and
work with them, but we can't define them using simpler concepts.

Point Line
A location in space with no A straight path extending
size or dimension infinitely in both directions

Plane
A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions
Defined Terms: Building on the Basics
Once we have our undefined terms, we can use them to create defined terms. These are more complex concepts that we can explain using the undefined terms
and previously defined terms. For example, in geometry, we can define an angle using points and lines.

Angle Line Segment

The figure formed by two rays sharing a common endpoint (vertex) A portion of a line with two endpoints
Axioms: The Foundations of Truth
Axioms, also known as postulates, are statements that we accept as true without proof. They
form the bedrock of our mathematical system, allowing us to build more complex ideas. In
mathematics, we have several important axioms that guide our reasoning.

Equality Axiom
If a = b and b = c, then a = c

Addition Axiom
If a = b, then a + c = b + c

Multiplication Axiom
If a = b, then ac = bc
Theorems: Proven Truths
Theorems are statements that we can prove using axioms, definitions, and
previously proven theorems. They represent the discoveries and insights we gain
by applying logical reasoning to our mathematical system. Proving theorems helps
us understand the relationships between different mathematical concepts.

Pythagorean Theorem Triangle Sum Theorem


In a right triangle, the square of the The sum of the measures of the
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of three angles of any triangle is
the squares of the other two sides: always 180°
a² + b² = c²

Parallel Lines Theorem


If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, corresponding angles are
congruent
The Structure of a Mathematical System
A mathematical system is like a well-organized city, with each component playing a crucial role. The undefined terms are the
foundation, defined terms are the buildings, axioms are the laws that govern the city, and theorems are the complex structures we
create using these laws.

1 Theorems

2 Axioms/Postulates

3 Defined Terms

4 Undefined Terms
Proving Statements: Two-Column Proofs
In mathematics, we often use two-column proofs to demonstrate the truth of a statement. This organized method helps us clearly
show each step of our reasoning and the justification for that step. Let's look at an example of a two-column proof.

Theorem: If a = b and b = c, then a = c Key Points

• Start with given information


Statements Reasons
• Each step follows logically from previous steps
1. a = b Given • Use axioms, definitions, or proven theorems to justify each
step
2. b = c Given
• Conclusion is the final statement to be proved
3. a = c Transitive Property of
Equality
Real-Life Applications of Mathematical Syst
Mathematical systems aren't just abstract concepts - they have real-world applications in various fields. Understanding these
systems helps us solve problems and make decisions in everyday life. Let's explore some areas where mathematical systems play a
crucial role.

Architecture Computer Science Finance


Geometric principles are used in Mathematical logic forms the basis of Mathematical models help in predicting
designing buildings and structures programming languages and algorithms market trends and managing risks
Developing Mathematical Thinking
Understanding mathematical systems helps develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. By learning
how to work with axioms, prove theorems, and apply logical reasoning, you're training your brain to think
more analytically in all areas of life.

Observe
Notice patterns and relationships in mathematical concepts

Question
Ask why certain rules work and how they connect to other ideas

Reason
Use logical steps to draw conclusions and solve problems

Apply
Use mathematical thinking in real-world situations
Your Mathematical Journey Begins
As we conclude our exploration of mathematical systems, remember that you're now equipped with powerful tools for
understanding the world around you. The concepts we've covered - undefined terms, defined terms, axioms, and
theorems - are the building blocks for all mathematical reasoning.

Continue to practice these ideas, challenge yourself with proofs, and look for mathematical systems in everyday life.
Your journey into the fascinating world of mathematics has just begun!

1
Observe
Look for patterns in math and daily life

2
Question
Ask why things work the way they do

3
Apply
Use math concepts to solve real problems

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