Chapter 9: Advanced OSPF

Instructor Materials

CCNP Enterprise: Core Networking

Chapter 9 Content
This chapter covers the following content:
• Areas - This section describes the benefits and functions of areas within an Open Shortest Path First
(OSPF) routing domain.
• Link-State Announcements - This section explains how OSPF stores, communicates, and builds a
topology from the link-state announcements (LSAs).
• Discontiguous Networks - This section demonstrates a discontiguous network and explains why
such a network cannot distribute routes to all areas properly.
• OSPF Path Selection - This section explains how OSPF makes path selection choices for routes
learned within the OSPF routing domain.
• Summarization of Routes - This section explains how network summarization works with OSPF.
• Route Filtering - This section explains how OSPF routes can be filtered on a router.
The (OSPF) protocol scales well with proper network planning. IP addressing schemes, area segmentation,
address summarization, and hardware capabilities for each area should considered when designing a network.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
Areas
• An OSPF area is a logical grouping of routers or, more specifically, a logical grouping
of router interfaces.
• Area membership is set at the interface level, and the area ID is included in the OSPF
hello packet.
• An interface can belong to only one area.
• All routers within the same OSPF area maintain an identical copy of the link-state
database (LSDB).

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Areas
OSPF Areas
An OSPF area grows in size as the number of network links and routers increase in the area.
While using a single area simplifies the topology, there are trade-offs:

• Full shortest path first (SPF) tree calculation runs when a link flaps within the area.

• The LSDB increases in size and becomes unmanageable.

• The LSDB for the area grows, consuming more memory, and lengthening the SPF
computation process.

• No summarization of route information occurs.

Proper design addresses each of these issues by segmenting the routers into multiple OSPF
areas, thereby keeping the LSDB to a manageable size. Sizing and design of OSPF networks
should account for the hardware constraints of the smallest router in that area.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
Areas
OSPF Areas (Cont.)
In essence, an OSPF area hides the topology from another area but enables the networks to be
visible in other areas within the OSPF domain. Segmenting the OSPF domain into multiple areas
reduces the size of the LSDB for each area, making SPF tree calculations faster, and decreasing
LSDB flooding between routers when a link flaps.

Just because a router connects to multiple OSPF areas does not mean the routes from one area
will be injected into another area. Figure 9-1 shows router R1 connected to Area 1 and Area 2.
Routes from Area 1 will not advertise into Area 2 and vice versa.

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Areas
OSPF Area 0 and ABRs
Area 0 is a special area called the backbone. By design, all areas must connect to Area 0 because
OSPF expects all areas to inject routing information into the backbone, and Area 0 advertises the
routes into other areas.

Area border routers (ABRs) are OSPF routers connected to Area 0 and another OSPF area. ABRs
are responsible for advertising routes from one area and injecting them into a different OSPF area.

Figure 9-2 shows that R1 is connected to Area 0, Area 1, and Area 2.

R1 is a proper ABR because it now participates in Area 0.

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Areas
Multi-Area OSPF Configurations and Verifying Interfaces for ABRs

Figure 9-3 shows a larger-scale OSPF multi-

area topology. In the topology:
Example 9-1 shows the OSPF configuration for the ABRs R4 and R5.
• R1, R2, R3, and R4 belong to Area 1234.
• R4 and R5 belong to Area 0.
• R5 and R6 belong to Area 56.
• R4 and R5 are ABRs.
• Area 1234 connects to Area 0, and Area
56 connects to Area 0.
• Routers in Area 1234 can see routes from
routers in Area 0 and Area 56 and vice
Example 9-2 verifies that interfaces on R4 belong to Area 1234 and
versa. Area 0 and that interfaces on R5 belong to Area 0 and Area 56.
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Areas
Area ID
• The area ID is a 32-bit field and can be formatted in simple decimal (0 through
4,294,967,295) or dotted decimal (0.0.0.0 through 255.255.255.255).

• During router configuration, the area can use decimal format on one router and
dotted-decimal format on a different router, and the routers can still form an
adjacency.

• OSPF advertises the area ID in dotted-decimal format in the OSPF hello packet.

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Areas
OSPF Intra-Area and Interarea Routes
Network routes that are learned from other OSPF routers within the same area are known as
intra-area routes. In Figure 9-3, the network link between R2 and R4 (10.24.1.0/29) is an intra-
area route to R1. The IP routing table displays OSPF intra-area routes with an O.
Network routes that are learned from
other OSPF routers from a different area
using an ABR are known as interarea
routes.

Example 9-3 provides the routing table

for R1 from Figure 9-3. Notice that R1’s
OSPF routing table shows routes from
within Area 1234 as intra-area (O routes)
and routes from Area 0 and Area 56 as
interarea (O IA routes).

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9
Areas
OSPF Inter-Area Routes and Interarea Routes (Cont.)

In Example 9-4, notice that R4’s routing table shows the routes from within Area 1234 and
Area 0 as intra-area and routes from Area 56 as interarea because R4 does not connect to
Area 56. The metric for the 10.123.1.0/24 and 10.3.3.0/24 networks has drastically increased
compared to the metric for the 10.56.1.0/24 network.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10
Areas
OSPD Inter-Area Routes and Interarea Routes (Cont.)

Example 9-5 provides the routing tables

with filtering for OSPF for R5 and R6.

Figure 9-3. R5 and R6 only contain

interarea routes in the OSPF routing table
because intra-area routes are directly
connected.

External routes are routes learned from outside the OSPF domain but injected into an OSPF
domain through redistribution. External OSPF routes can come from a different OSPF
domain or from a different routing protocol.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11
Link-State Announcements
• When OSPF neighbors become adjacent, the LSDBs synchronize between the OSPF
routers.
• As an OSPF router adds or removes a directly connected network link to or from its
database, the router floods the link-state advertisement (LSA) out all active OSPF
interfaces.
• The OSPF LSA contains a complete list of networks advertised from that router.

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Link-State Announcements
OSPF LSA Types for IPv4 Routing
OSPF uses six LSA types for IPv4 routing:

• Type 1, router LSA - Advertises the LSAs that originate within an area.

• Type 2, network LSA - Advertises a multi-access network segment attached to a DR.

• Type 3, summary LSA - Advertises network prefixes originating from a different area.

• Type 4, ASBR summary LSA - Advertises a summary LSA for a specific ASBR.

• Type 5, AS external LSA - Advertises LSAs for routes that have been redistributed.

• Type 7, NSSA external LSA - Advertises redistributed routes in NSSAs.

LSA types 1, 2, and 3, which are used for building the SPF tree for intra-area and interarea
routes, are explained in this section.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13
Link-State Announcements
Components of the LSA
Components of the LSA include the LSA type, LSA age, sequence number, and advertising
router.
• LSA age and flooding: Every OSPF LSA includes an age that is entered into the local
LSDB and that will increment by 1 every second. When a router’s OSPF LSA age
exceeds 1800 seconds (30 minutes) for its networks, the originating router advertises a
new LSA with the LSA age set to 0. The LSA is deemed invalid if age reaches 3600.
• LSA sequences: OSPF uses the sequence number to overcome problems caused by
delays in LSA propagation in a network. The LSA sequence number is a 32-bit number
for controlling versioning.
• LSA types: All routers
within an OSPF area have
an identical set of LSAs for
that area. The ABRs
maintain a separate set of
LSAs for each OSPF area.

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Link-State Announcements
LSA Type 1: Router Link
Every OSPF router advertises a type 1 LSA. Type 1 LSAs are the essential building blocks within
the LSDB. A type 1 LSA entry exists for each OSPF-enabled link. Type 1 LSAs for an area are
shown with the command show ip ospf database router.

Figure 9-5 shows that in this example, the type 1 LSAs are not advertised outside Area 1234,
which means the underlying topology in an area is invisible to other areas.

The initial fields of each type 1 LSA

indicate the RID for the LSA’s
advertising router, age, sequence, link
count, and link ID. Every OSPF-
enabled interface is listed under the
number of links for each router.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
Link-State Announcements
LSA Type 2: Network Link
A type 2 LSA represents a multi-access network segment that uses a DR. The DR always
advertises the type 2 LSA and identifies all the routers attached to that network segment. If a
DR has not been elected, a type 2 LSA is not present in the LSDB because the corresponding
type 1 transit link type LSA is a stub. Like type 1 LSAs, type 2 LSAs are not flooded outside the
originating OSPF area.

Detailed type 2
LSA information is
shown with the
command
show ip ospf
database
network.

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Link-State Announcements
LSA Type 3: Summary Link
Type 3 LSAs represent networks from other areas. The role of the ABRs is to participate in
multiple OSPF areas and ensure that the networks associated with type 1 LSAs are reachable
in the non-originating OSPF areas. Figure 9-9 demonstrates the concept of a type 3 LSA
interaction with type 1 LSAs.

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Link-State Announcements
LSA Type 3: Summary Link (Cont.)
The advertising router for type 3 LSAs is the last ABR that advertises the prefix. The metric within
the type 3 LSA uses the following logic:
• If the type 3 LSA is created from a type 1 LSA, it is the total path metric to reach the originating
router in the type 1 LSA.
• If the type 3 LSA is created from a type 3 LSA from Area 0, it is the total path metric to the ABR
plus the metric in the original type 3 LSA.

The type 3 LSA contains the link-state ID (network number), the subnet mask, the IP address of
the advertising ABR, and the metric for the network prefix .

Figure 9-10 provides R4’s

perspective of the type 3 LSA
created by ABR (R5) for the
10.56.1.0/24 network. The total path
metric to 10.56.1.0/24 is 2.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18
Link-State Announcements
LSA Type 3: Summary Link (Cont.)
Figure 9-11 provides R3’s perspective of the type 3 LSA created by ABR (R4) for the 10.56.1.0/24
network.
• R3 does not know if the 10.56.1.0/24 network is directly attached to the ABR (R4) or multiple
hops away.
• R3 knows that its metric to the ABR (R4) is 65 and that the type 3 LSA already has a metric of
2, so its total path metric to reach the 10.56.1.0/24 network is 67.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
Discontiguous Networks
• This section will cover an example of a discontiguous network.
• The simplest fix for a discontiguous network is to ensure that Area 0 is contiguous.

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Discontiguous Network
Discontiguous Network Example
An OSPF network with this design is
discontiguous because interarea traffic is trying
to cross a nonbackbone area.

It looks like routes in the routing tables on R2

and R3 in Figure 9-13 are being advertised
across area 23. The 10.34.1.0/24 network was
advertised into OSPF by R3 and R4 as a type 1
LSA. R3 is an ABR and converts Area 34’s
10.34.1.0/24 type 1 LSA into a type 3 LSA in
Area 0. R3 uses the type 3 LSA from Area 0 to Note: To assume that the 10.34.1.0/24 route
generate the type 3 LSA for Area 23. R2 is able learned by Area 23 would then advertise into R2’s
Area 0 and then propagate to Area 12, would be
to install the type 3 LSA from Area 23 into its
wrong.
routing table.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
Discontiguous Network
Rules ABRs Use for Creating Type 3 LSAs
There are three fundamental rules ABRs use the for creating type 3 LSAs:
• Type 1 LSAs received from an area create type 3 LSAs into the backbone area
and nonbackbone areas.
• Type 3 LSAs received from Area 0 are created for the nonbackbone area.
• Type 3 LSAs received from a nonbackbone area only insert into the LSDB for the
source area. ABRs do not create a type 3 LSA for the other areas (including a
segmented Area 0).

The simplest fix for a discontiguous network is to ensure that Area 0 is contiguous.
There are other functions, like virtual link or usage of GRE tunnels that are not
covered in this course.

Real-life scenarios of discontiguous networks involve Area 0 becoming partitioned

due to hardware failures.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22
OSPF Path Selection
• OSPF executes Dijkstra’s shortest path first (SPF) algorithm to create a loop-free
topology of shortest paths.
• All routers use the same logic to calculate the shortest path for each network.
• Path selection prioritizes paths by using the following logic: intra-area, interarea, and
external routes (which involves additional logic and not covered here)

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23
OSPF Path Selection
Intra-Area Routes
Routes advertised via a type 1 LSA for an area are always preferred over type 3 LSAs. If
multiple intra-area routes exist, the path with the lowest total path metric is installed in the OSPF
Routing Information Base (RIB), which is then presented to the router’s global RIB. If there is a
tie in metric, both routes install into the OSPF RIB.

In Figure 9-14, R1 is computing the

route to 10.4.4.0/24. Instead of taking
the faster Ethernet connection, R1
takes the path across the slower serial
link to R4 because that is the intra-area
path.

In Example 9-6, notice that the metric is 111 and

that the intra-area path was selected over the
interarea path with the lower total path metric.

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OSPF Path Selection
Interarea Routes and Equal Cost Multipathing
The next priority for selecting a path to a network is selection of the path with the lowest total
path metric to the destination. If there is a tie in metric, both routes install into the OSPF RIB. All
interarea paths for a route must go through Area 0 to be considered.

In Figure 9-15, R1 is computing the path to R6. R1 uses the path R1–R3–R5–R6 because its
total path metric is 35 versus the R1–R2–R4–R6 path, with a metric of 40.

If OSPF identifies multiple paths in the

path selection algorithms, those routes
are installed into the routing table as
equal-cost multipathing (ECMP) routes.
The default maximum number of ECMP
paths is four paths.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25
Summarization of Routes
• Route scalability is a large factor for the IGP routing protocols used by
service providers because there can be thousands of routers running in a
network.
• Splitting up an OSPF routing domain into multiple areas reduces the size
of the LSDB for each area.
• While the number of routers and networks remains the same within the
OSPF routing domain, the detailed type 1 and type 2 LSAs are
exchanged for simpler type 3 LSAs.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 26
Summarization of Routes
Summarization of Routes Example
• Referencing our topology for LSAs, in
Figure 9-16 for Area 1234, there are
three type 1 LSAs and one type 2
LSA for the 10.123.1.0/24 network.
• Those four LSAs become one type 3
LSA outside Area 1234.
• This illustrates the reduction of LSAs
through area segmentation for the
10.123.1.0/24 network.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 27
Summarization of Routes
Summarization Fundamentals
• Another method of shrinking the LSDB involves summarizing network prefixes. An OSPF
area needs to accommodate the smallest and slowest router in that area.
• Summarization of routes also helps SPF calculations run faster. Because all routers within
an area must maintain an identical copy of the LSDB, summarization occurs between areas
on the ABRs.
• Summarization can eliminate the SPF calculation outside the area for the summarized
prefixes because the smaller prefixes are hidden.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28
Summarization of Routes
Summarization Fundamentals (Cont.)
Figure 9-17 provides a simple network topology where the serial link between R3 and R4 adds to the
path metric, and all traffic uses the other path to reach the 172.16.46.0/24 network. If the 10.1.12.0/24
link fails, all routers in Area 1 have to run SPF calculations. R4 identifies that the 10.1.13.0/24 and
10.1.34.0/24 networks will change their next hop through the serial link. Both of the type 3 LSAs for
these networks need to be updated with new path metrics and advertised into Area 0. The routers in
Area 0 run an SPF calculation only on those two prefixes.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29
Summarization of Routes
Summarization Fundamentals (Cont.)
Figure 9-18 shows the networks in Area 1 being summarized at the ABR into the aggregate 10.1.0.0/18
prefix. If the 10.1.12.0/24 link fails, all the routers in Area 1 still run the SPF calculation, but routers in
Area 0 are not impacted because the 10.1.13.0/24 and 10.1.34.0/24 networks are not known outside
Area 1.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30
Summarization of Routes
Interarea Summarization
• Interarea summarization reduces the number of type 3
LSAs that an ABR advertises into an area when it receives
type 1 LSAs.
• The network summarization range is associated with a
specific source area for type 1 LSAs.
• When a type 1 LSA within the summarization range
reaches the ABR from the source area, the ABR creates a
type 3 LSA for the summarized network range.
• The ABR suppresses the more specific type 3 LSAs,
thereby preventing the generation of the subordinate
route’s type 3 LSAs. Interarea summarization does not
impact the type 1 LSAs in the source area. Figure 9-19 shows 15 type 1 LSAs
(172.16.1.0/24 through 172.16.15.0/24)
Summarization works only on type 1 LSAs and is normally being summarized into one type 3 LSA
configured so that summarization occurs as routes enter the (the 172.16.0.0/20 network).
backbone from nonbackbone areas.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31
Summarization of Routes
Summarization Metrics
The default metric for the summary LSA is the smallest
metric associated with an LSA. However, it can be set
as part of the configuration.

OSPF behaves identically to Enhanced Interior

Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) and checks
every prefix within the summarization range
when a matching type 1 LSA is added or
removed. If a lower metric is available, the
summary LSA is advertised with the newer
metric; if the lowest metric is removed, a newer In Figure 9-20, R1 summarizes three prefixes
and higher metric is identified, and a new with various path costs.
summary LSA is advertised with the higher
metric.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 32
Summarization of Routes
Configuration of Interarea Metrics
• To define the summarization range and associated
area, use the command area area-id range
network subnet-mask [advertise | not-advertise]
[cost metric] under the OSPF process on the ABR.
• The default behavior is to advertise the summary
prefix, so the keyword advertise is not necessary.
• Appending the cost metric keyword to the
command statically sets the metric on the summary Figure 9-21 provides a topology example in
route. which R1 is advertising the 172.16.1.0/24,
172.16.2.0/24, and 172.16.3.0/24 networks.

Example 9-7 displays the routing table on R3

before summarization. Notice that the
172.16.1.0/24, 172.16.2.0/24, and 172.16.3.0/24
networks are all present.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 33
Summarization of Routes
Configuration of Interarea Metrics (Cont.)
Example 9-8 provides R2’s
configuration for interarea
summarization into an aggregate route
of 172.16.0.0/16. A static cost of 45 is
added to the summary route to reduce
CPU load if any of the three networks
flap.

Example 9-9 displays R3’s routing

table for verification that the smaller
routes were suppressed while the
summary route was aggregated.
Notice that the path metric is 46,
whereas previously the metric for the
172.16.1.0/24 network was 3.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 34
Summarization of Routes
Configuration of Interarea Metrics (Cont.)
The ABR performing interarea summarization installs a discard route. The discard route is a route to
the Null0 interface that matches the summarized network range. Discard routes prevent routing
loops where portions of the summarized network range do not have a more specific route in the
RIB. The AD for the OSPF summary discard route for internal networks is 110, and it is 254 for
external networks.

Example 9-10 shows the discard route on R2 for the 172.16.0.0/16 prefix.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 35
Route Filtering
• Route filtering is a method for selectively identifying routes that are
advertised or received from neighbor routers.
• Route filtering may be used to manipulate traffic flows, reduce memory
utilization, or improve security.
• Filtering of routes with vector-based routing protocols is straightforward
as the routes are filtered as routing updates are advertised to
downstream neighbors.
• With link-state routing protocols such as OSPF, every router in an area
shares a complete copy of the linkstate database. Therefore, filtering of
routes generally occurs as routes enter the area on the ABR.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 36
Route Filtering
Filtering with Summarization
One of the easiest methodologies for filtering routes is to use the not-advertise keyword during
prefix summarization. This prevents creation of any type 3 LSAs for any networks in that range,
thus making the subordinate routes visible only within the area where the route originates.

The full command structure is area area-id range network subnet-mask not-advertise under the
OSPF process.

In the configuration in 9-11 we see

that R2 can filter out any of the type
1 LSAs that are generated in Area
12 from being advertised into Area
0.
Example 9-12 shows R3’s routing
table after the area filtering
configuration has been placed on
R2.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 37
Route Filtering
Area Filtering
Although filtering via summarization is very easy, it is limited in its ability. For example, in Figure 9-
22, if the 172.16.1.0/24 network needs to be present in Area 0 but removed in Area 34, it is not
possible to filter the route using summarization.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 38
Route Filtering
Area Filtering (Cont.)
Other network designs require filtering of OSPF
routes based on other criteria. OSPF supports
filtering when type 3 LSA generation occurs, allowing
for the original route to be installed in the LSDB for
the source area so that the route can be installed in
the RIB of the ABR. Filtering can occur in either
direction on the ABR. Figure 9-23 demonstrates the
concept.

Figure 9-24 expands on the

sample topology and demonstrates
that the ABR can filter routes as
they advertise out of an area or
into an area.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 39
Route Filtering
Area Filtering (Cont.)
OSPF area filtering is
accomplished by using
the command area
area-id filter-list prefix
prefix-list-name {in |
out} on the ABR.
Example 9-13 provides
a configuration for R2
and R3.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 40
Route Filtering
Local OSPF Filtering
In some scenarios, routes need to be removed only on specific routers in an area. OSPF is a link-
state protocol that requires all routers in the same area to maintain an identical copy of the LSDB
for that area. A route can exist in the OSPF LSDB, but it could be prevented from being installed
in the local RIB. This is accomplished by using a Distribute List.

Figure 9-25 illustrates this concept.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 41
Route Filtering
Configuring the OSPF Distribute List
A distribute list is configured under the OSPF
process with the command distribute-list
{acl-number | acl-name | prefix prefix-list-
name | route-map route-map-name} in.

Example 9-16 shows the routing tables for R2

and R3. The 172.16.3.0/24 network is removed
from R2’s RIB but is present on R3’s RIB.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 42
Prepare for the Exam

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Prepare for the Exam
Key Topics for Chapter 9

Description

Area 0 backbone
Area border routers
Area ID
Link-state announcements
Type 1 LSA Flooding in an Area
Visualization of Type 1 LSAs
LSA type 2: network link
Visualization of Area 1234 with Type 1
and Type 2 LSAs
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 44
Prepare for the Exam
Key Topics for Chapter 9 (Cont.)
Description

LSA type 3 summary link

Type 3 LSA Conceptual
ABR rules for type 3 LSAs
OSPF path selection
Summarization of routes
Interarea summarization
Configuration of interarea summarization
OSPF Area Filtering
OSPF Distribute List Filtering Logic

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 45
Prepare for the Exam
Key Terms for Chapter 9

Term

area border router (ABR)

backbone area
discontiguous network
interarea route
intra-area route
router LSA
summary LSA

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 46
Prepare for the Exam
Command Reference for Chapter 9
Task Command Syntax

Initialize the OSPF process router ospf process-id

Summarize routes as they are crossing area area-id range network subnet-mask
an OSPF ABR [advertise | not-advertise] [cost metric]
Filter routes as they are crossing an area area-id filter-list prefix prefix-list-name
OSPF ABR {in | out}
Filter OSPF routes from entering the RIB distribute-list {acl-number | acl-name |
prefix prefix-list-name | route-map
route-map-name} in
Display the LSAs in the LSDB show ip ospf database [router | network |
summary]

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