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Eapp Group 6

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Keith Michell Ruiz
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7 views9 pages

Eapp Group 6

Uploaded by

Keith Michell Ruiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Preparation

Data Preparation
-The first stage of quantitative data
analysis and interpretation is data
preparation, where raw data is
converted into something meaningful
and readable.
There are four steps of data preparation:

Step 1: Data Validation


- This is done so as to find out whether the data collection
was done without any bias. The process includes:
 Testing for fraud by checking whether all the
respondents were truly interviewed or not.
 Screening the respondents to know whether they really
met the research criteria.
 Checking whether the right procedure was followed.
 Checking whether the investigation is complete.
Step 2: Data Editing
•Large data sets may inevitably include errors, and that is
why they need to be edited. During this process, data is
inspected for completeness and consistency.

•For example, a respondent may leave a field blank,


which is a case of incompleteness. In another case, we
may have a respondent who answered that he/she has
no children also claim in another part that his(er) first
child is in high school — this data is inconsistent.
Step 3: Coding and Data Entry

• This is the process of quantifying qualitative data for


easy analysis. It involves grouping and assigning values
to survey responses.

E.g. Male - 1, Female - 2.


Step 4: Data Transformation

•This is the process of changing data into new format.


For example, reducing a 5 point Likert-type scale into 3
categories.

•Consider a 5 point Likert-type scale with the options very


good, good, neutral, bad and very bad. This may be
reduced into good, neutral and bad.
Quantitative Data Analysis
Methods
- After completing the first stage, the data is ready
for analysis. There are two main data analysis
methods used, namely; descriptive statistics and
inferential statistics.
Descriptive Statistical Method

- Researchers make use of descriptive statistics to


summarize quantitative data. It is often used when
analyzing a single variable, and as such is sometimes
called univariate analysis.
Some common descriptive statistical
methods include:
 Mean: the average of a set of numbers.

 Median: the middle number of a set of numbers.

 Mode: most occurring number from a set of numbers.

 Range: the difference between the highest and lowest


numbers from a set of numbers.

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