HUMA1102 - Week 10

Bigger is
Better
HUMA1102
 1827-1900 (1910)
 Romance – a legend written in a romance
language
 First used in the 17th century referring to
something fantastic and beyond everyday
The Romantic life
Era Self-expression

 The influence of Beethoven

 Music as seemingly detached from the world
made it an ideal medium for romantic
expression
The 19th Century
 After revolution
 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
 Reign of terror
 Napoleon and his wars
 Emperor 1804, ended Holy Roman Empire
 Defeated in 1814
 “Liberty, equality, brotherhood”
 Nationalism
 Congress of Vienna (1814)
 Italy is still fractured
 Poland and Bohemia
 The Industrial Revolution
 End of patronage
 Rise of the middle class and
commercialization
The Free The end of guilds


 Niche markets and specialization

Agent  Virtuosity
Composer  Romanticization and expression of self

Extreme emotional
states
Musical nationalism
Four
Romantic
Glorification of nature
Trends
Fascination with the
macbre
Expression at all costs
“the artist's feeling is his law” - Caspar David Friedrich
 A mindset based in emotion and the spirit of the individual

 Characterized by the exploration of horror, terror, fear, and awe
 A reaction to the modern world and the previous century
 The sensitive artist rejected by the world becomes the Romantic Hero
 A fascination with the supernatural, the macabre, and myths from folklore
rather than classical Greece
 The modern explorer
 The Suez Canal is opened on 1869
 The American transcontinental railroad is completed in 1869
 Increased access to exotic worlds and ideas
Haydn Symphony n
o. 88 (1787)
Thematic
Beethoven Sympho
comparison ny no. 5 in C minor
Brahms
Symphony no. 1 in
C minor
Aesthetic
characteristics
 nature
 the Middle Ages and legends
chivalry
 the mystic and supernatural
 the infinite
 mysterious remoteness
 the nocturnal and the
terrifying
 subjectivism
 the autobiographical
 discontent with conventions
Literature
 1762 Jean Jaques Rouseau publishes Emile glorifying the wisdom of children
 1774 Johan von Goethe publishes Die Leiden des jungen Werthers
 1862 Victor Hugo publishes Les Misérables with an ex-convict as its hero
 1812 Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm publish Kinder- und Hausmärchen including the tales of
“Cinderella” and “Sleeping Beauty”
 1818 Mary Shelley anonymously publishes the novel Frankenstein
 1844 Alexander Dumas completes The Count of Monte Cristo
 1847 Charlotte Brontë publishes Jane Eyre
 1850 Nathaniel Hawthorne publishes The Scarlet Letter on themes of adultery and stigmatism
 1851 Herman Melville publishes the American romantic Novel Moby-Dick based on his own
experience as a whaler
 1859 Charles Dickens publishes his novel A Tale of Two Cities set during the French Revolution
Poetry
"the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” – Williams Wordsworth
 1770 Thomas Chatterton poisons himself with arsenic at the age of 17

 1805 Achim von Arnim and Clemens Brentano publishes a collection of folk poetry and
songs, Das Knaben Wunderhorn
 1807 William Wordsworth publishes Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections
of Early Childhood
 1818 Percy Bysshe Shelley publishes his sonnet Ozymandias on Egyptian pharaoh
Ramesses II
 1819 John Keats composes Ode on a Grecian Urn
 1827 Heinrich Heine publishes Buch der Lieder
 1845 Edgar Allan Poe publishes the macabre poem The Raven in The New York Evening
Mirror
 1857 Charles Baudelaire publishes Les Fleurs du mal on themes of sex and death
 1855 Walt Whitman publishes Leaves of Grass on themes of sensual pleasure
Art and Architecture
 A fascination with the idealistic
chivalry of the Middle Ages
 The fantastic and all
encompassing power of nature
 The mysterious, death, and the
supernatural
 Darkness and a sense of cold
 The Hero and the Hero’s Journey
THE DEATH OF CHATTERTON, HENRY WALLIS (1856)

Thomas Cole
THE OXBOW (THE CONNECTICUT RIVER

NEAR NORTH HAMPTON)(1836) THE TITAN’S GOBLET (1833)
JOSEPH MALLORD
WILLIAM TURNER
RABY CASTLE, THE SEAT OF THE EARL OF

DARLINGTON (1817)
FISHERMAN AT SEA (1796)

CASPAR DAVID
FRIEDRICH
WANDERER ABOVE THE SEA OF THE ABBEY IN THE OAKWOO (1808 – 1810)
FOG (1818)
The Palace at
Westminster (begun in 1840 with
designs by Augustus Pugin and Charles Barry)
Neuschwanstein Castle
(begun in 1869 with designs by Ludwig II
and Eduard Riedel)
Form stands in the way
 Spontaneity and creative freedom
 Seeking a method of cohesion
 Miniatures to the grandiose
 Program music
 Thematic unity (cyclicism)
Hector Berlioz (1803-
1869)
 A marriage of the arts

 Limited musical talent,
and self-taught early
 A music critic
 A true original who
advanced the concepts
of romantic era music
 The temperamental
artist loyal always to
himself first
 A lover of Shakespeare
Program Symphony
 Symphonie Fantastique: Épisode de la vie d’un artise…en cinq parties, Op. 14
 Begun in 1829
 Harriet Smithson – Shakespearean Actress
 Premiere on 1830 with printed program
 :56 - Mvt. I – Reveries—Passions (exposition begins at 6:22)
 The introduction of the Idée Fixe, quasi sonata form
 16:45 -- Mvt. II – A Ball
 A waltz haunted by “her” (19:05, 22:30)
 23:37 - Mvt. III – Scene in the Country
 Shepherds call each other in the distance (23:37), his peace is interrupted by a storm (32:00)
and thoughts of the beloved (32:20), following the storm only one shepherd remains (39:20)
 42:06 - Mvt. IV – March to the scaffold
 Poisoned with opium, fantasies of an execution, roaring crowds, the scaffold, he sees his
beloved in the throng (48:28), then his own head is plopped off by the guillotine (48:39)
 49:08 - Mvt. V – The Witches Sabbath
 The beloved is transformed into a dancing witch (50:56) and combined with the chant
dies irae (52:33)

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Bigger is

 The influence of Beethoven

The Free The end of guilds

 Niche markets and specialization

Composer  Romanticization and expression of self

 A mindset based in emotion and the spirit of the individual

 1770 Thomas Chatterton poisons himself with arsenic at the age of 17

THE DEATH OF CHATTERTON, HENRY WALLIS (1856)

THE OXBOW (THE CONNECTICUT RIVER

RABY CASTLE, THE SEAT OF THE EARL OF

FISHERMAN AT SEA (1796)

 A marriage of the arts

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