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Computer Chapter Four

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4 views

Computer Chapter Four

Uploaded by

ganyjockg
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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chapter 4

Network and
Internet
What is network?
A Network is a system of interconnected
computers that can communicate with one
another.
Networks allow users to share peripheral
devices (peripheral devices are nothing but
input – output devices connected to the
computer), program and data.
A Network need not be only of interconnected
computers but, even interconnected telephone
any communication device that can
communicate to each other and share the
existing resources.
Principles of Networking
Networks are systems that are formed by links.
People use different types of networks every
day:
 Mail delivery system
 Telephone system
 Public transportation system
 Corporate computer network
 The Internet
Computers can be linked by networks to share
data and resources.
A network can be as simple as two
computers connected by a single cable or as
complex as hundreds of computers connected
Components of a Network
There are three categories of network
components:
Devices
Media
Services
End Devices
Some examples of end devices are:
Computers (work stations, laptops, file servers,
web servers)
Network printers
VoIP phones
Tele Presence endpoint
Security cameras
Mobile handheld devices (such as
smartphones, tablets, PDAs, and wireless
debit / credit card readers and barcode
scanners)
Network Infrastructure Devices

Examples of intermediary network devices


are:
Network Access Devices (switches, and
wireless access points)
Internetworking Devices (routers)
Security Devices (firewalls)
Network Media
Network Representations
Types of Networks
The two most common types of network
infrastructures are:
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN).
Other types of networks include:
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wireless LAN (WLAN)
Storage Area Network (SAN)
LAN (Local Area Network): A group of
interconnected computers under one
administrative control group that governs
the security and access control policies that
are in force on the network.
the computers connected close together to
each other with in the same ‘local’ area( ex.
building, office, school…)
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network): A
group of wireless devices that connect to
access points within a specified area. Access
points are typically connected to the network
using copper cabling.
PAN (Personal Area Network): Network
that connects devices, such as mice,
keyboards, printers, smartphones, and
tablets within the range of an individual
person. PANs are most often connected with
Bluetooth technology.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network):
Network that spans across a large campus
or a city. Consisting of various buildings
interconnected through wireless or fiber
optic backbones.
WAN (Wide Area Network):
Connections of multiple smaller networks
such as LANs that are in geographically
separated locations. The most common
example of a WAN is the Internet.
Local Area Networks (LAN)
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
The Internet
Advantages of Networks
a) Sharing of peripheral devices: Laser
Printers, Hard disk drives and Scanners are
examples of peripheral devices. All these
devices cannot be connected to each and
every computer as they are very expensive.
Hence, these devices can be shared by
many users through a network.
b) Sharing of Programs and data: In
many organizations, people use almost the
same software and access the same data. If
these software and data were made
available for individual users separately,
then it is wastage of memory. Hence, by
sharing the software and data the usage of
memory can be minimized, thereby
c) Better Communication: In the digital
world, information can be transferred within
fraction of a second over long distances. And
one of the greatest features of networks is
Electronic Mail (E-Mail) system. Thus, a
company can eliminate the delays
encountered with standard postal services or
with telephone tag, by using E-Mail services.
d) Security of information: Before
networks became a common place, an
individual employee was storing information
in his or her desktop computer which was not
secured. But today, such data or information
could be backed-up or duplicated on a
network storage device, shared by others.
Network Topology
Networks can be laid out in different ways.
The Physical layout or shape of a Network is
called Topology.
The different network topologies are
Star topology
Bus topology
Ring topology
Star topology is one in which all
microcomputers and other communication
devices (nodes) are connected to a central
hub, such as a Server or a Host computer via
cables.
This creates a fault tolerant system, that is
able to survive if one or two of the
workstations develops a bad link.
 But just like any system, a topology is only
as strong as its weakest link. If the central hub
or server malfunctions, the entire network
fails.
The advantage of a star topology is that, if a
connection fails, the rest of the devices on the
network will continue to operate. The
disadvantage of a star topology is that the
Physical HUB or STAR Topology

19
Advantages:
◦ if one computer on the star topology
fails, then only the failed computer is
unable to send or receive data
Disadvantage:
◦ Each computer is connected to a central
hub or switch, if this device fails, the
entire network fails!

20
 The Bus topology is the simplest of the
network configurations.
 The development of computer system
architecture, give rise to the concept of a
bus, or highway approach to information
transfer.
 It requires less cable than any other topology.
 In Bus topology all microcomputers and
devices are connected through a common
channel using co-axial cables.
 A Ring topology is the one in which all
microcomputers and other communication
devices are connected in a continuous loop.
 Electronic messages are passed around
the ring in one direction, with each node
serving as the repeater, until they reach
the right destination.
 Since, all messages are flowing in only one
direction; failure of a single node can
compromise the entire network.
The Physical Ring Topology

24
INTERNET
 Internet or simply “the Net” is an
international network connecting more
than 140,000 smaller networks in more
than 170 countries.
 These networks are formed by
educational, commercial, nonprofit,
government and military organization.
 On a given day 163 million computers in
200 countries get connected to the
Internet.
What is Internet?
 The term InterNet has been coined from two
terms, Interconnection and Network.
 A Network is simply a group of computers
that are connected together for sharing
information and resources.
 Several such networks have been joined
together across the globe to form what is
called as the Internet?
 Thus, Internet is nothing but a Network of
networks.
 There is no single, generally agreed-upon
answer to the question because the Internet
is different for each of us:
 It is a set of computers talking over fiber
optics, phone lines, satellite links, and other
media.
 It is a place where you can talk to your
friends and family around the world.
 It is a place to get cool game demos.
 It is a place to do research for your thesis or a
business presentation.
 It is unlimited commercial opportunity.
 It is a worldwide support group for any
problem or need.
 It is a gold mine of professionals in all fields
sharing information about their work.
The Internet

Intranet and Extranet

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