MACHINE LEARNING Artificial Intelligence

Grade 9

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

 To understand and classify To train and test a machine
the basic theory underlying learning model.
machine learning.

LESSON OBJECTIVE
Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS
AI GAME ZONE
https://research.google.com/semantris/

https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(AI)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of machines to
perform cognitive tasks like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem
solving and decision making.
Various organizations have coined their own versions of defining Artificial Intelligence. Some
of them are mentioned below:

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

 HOW HUMAN
LEARN?
To understand the human learning
process, let us illustrate it through a
simple sequence of activities involved.

A computer learns in a
similar way. However, it
needs a lot of information, to
ensure that it recognizes
things accurately. Machines
need to be trained to make
decisions and to act based on
goals
Computers need a lot
of information to ensure
accurate recognition of things

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE?

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

SYMBOLIC AI
Symbolic AI, also known as good old- Examples of Real-World Symbolic AI
fashioned AI (GOFAI), uses human- Applications:
readable symbols that represent real-
world entities or concepts as well as Medical diagnosis systems use Symbolic AI to
logic (the mathematically provable provide recommendations to doctors based on patient
logical methods) in order to create symptoms.
rules for the concrete manipulation of Autonomous cars use Symbolic AI to make decisions
those symbols, leading to a rule-based based on the environment, such as recognizing stop
system. signs and traffic lights.
Symbolic AI requires programmers Computer vision systems use Symbolic AI to recognize
to meticulously define the rules that objects and patterns in images.
specify the behavior of an intelligent
system. Symbolic AI is suitable for
applications where the environment is
predictable, and the rules are clear-cut.

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

MACHINE LEARNING
DEFINITION Machine Learning = “Machine” +
“Learning”.
Machine learning (ML) is the study of computer algorithms that
improve automatically through experience. It is seen as a subset
of artificial intelligence.
The machine learning algorithm processes the examples and creates a
mathematical model based on sample data, known as "training data", in
order to represent the data that can perform, prediction and classify
tasks without being explicitly programmed to do so.

Thursday, December 5, 2024

Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS
 TYPES OF MACHINE
LEARNING- AT A GLANCE

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

SUPERVISED LEARNING
Supervised machine learning
algorithms are designed to learn
by example.
The name “supervised” learning
originates from the idea that
training this type of algorithm is
like having a teacher supervise the
whole process.
Supervised learning is the machine
learning task of learning a function
that maps an input to an output
based on example input-output
pairs.
There are two types of Supervised
Learning
 Regression
 Classification
Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS
 REGRESSION &
Regression: CLASSIFICATION
• Models continuous-valued functions, i.e.,
predicts unknown or missing values
Classification:
• predicts categorical class labels
• classifies data (constructs a model) based on
the training set and the values (class labels)
in a classifying attribute and uses it in
classifying new data •
Real life Applications:
• • credit approval
• • target marketing
• • medical diagnosis
• • treatment effectiveness analysis
• • Precision agriculture (yield prediction)
• Spam Classifiers
• Fingerprint Analysis
Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS
UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
Unsupervised learning is a
type of machine learning that
looks for previously undetected
patterns in a data set with no
pre-existing labels and with a
minimum of human supervision.
There are two types of
Unsupervised Learning:
1. Clustering
2. Association
Real life Applications:
•Netflix Recommendations
Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS
 CLUSTERING & ASSOCIATION
Clustering:
Clustering is the task of grouping
a set of objects in such a way that
objects in the same group (called
a cluster) are more similar (in
some sense or another) to each
other than to those in other
groups (clusters).

Association:
It is about
finding associations amongst
items within large commercial
databases
Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS
 HOW IT WORKS???

CLASSIFICATI
ON

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

REINFORCEMENT LEARNING
Reinforcement learning
(RL) is learning by interacting
with an environment.
A RL agent learns from the
consequences of its actions,
rather than from being explicitly
taught and it selects its actions
on basis of its past experiences
(exploitation) and also by new
choices (exploration), which is
essentially trial and
error learning.
Real Life Application:
•Self Driving Cars

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

OVERVIEW OF MACHINE
LEARNING

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

AI V/S ML

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

VIDEO LINK
Machine Learning vs Artificial
Intelligence
https://youtu.be/dCsb6Z2n0o8

Game for Supervised and

Reinforcement Learning
http://learnml.eu/games.php

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

BIG DATA
Big data is a combination of structured, semistructured and unstructured data
collected by organizations that can be mined for information and used
in machine learning projects, predictive modeling and other advanced analytics
applications that none of the traditional data management tools can store it or
process it efficiently.
Following are some of the Big Data examples-
The New York Stock Exchange is an example of Big Data that generates
about one terabyte of new trade data per day.

Social Media
The statistic shows that 500+terabytes of new data get ingested into the
databases of social media site Facebook, every day. This data is mainly
generated in terms of photo and video uploads, message exchanges, putting
comments etc.

A single Jet engine can generate 10+terabytes of data in 30 minutes of

flight time. With many thousand flights per day, generation of data reaches
up to many Petabytes.

Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS

Types & Characteristics of Big Data
Characteristics of Big Data /
5V's of Big Data
1.VOLUME: The name 'Big Data' itself is related to a
size which is enormous. Volume is a huge amount of
data.
2.VELOCITY: Velocity refers to the high speed of
accumulation of data.
3.VARIETY: It refers to nature of data that is
structured, semi-structured and unstructured data. lt
also refers to heterogeneous sources.
4.VERACITY: It refers to inconsistencies and
uncertainty in data, that is data which is available
can sometimes get messy and quality and accuracy
are difficult to control.
5.VALUE: Data in itself is of no use or importance but
it needs to be converted into something valuable to
extract Information. Hence, you can state that Value!
is the most important V of all the 5V's.
Thursday, December 5, 2024 Ms. Gincy George, Computer Science Teacher-JSSPS