PHILIPPINE POLITICS

AND GOVERNANCE
Introduction
 FILL IN THE MISSING
LETTERS
Read carefully each clue and fill in the missing letters inside the box.
1. It is derived from the Greek word ‘Polis’ which means city-state.

P L T I S
 FILL IN THE MISSING
LETTERS
2. It deals with past events, movements, revolutions, national struggles, etc. and
give information about the origin and development of political institutions and
thought.

H I O Y
 FILL IN THE MISSING
LETTERS
3. Greek Philosopher who popularized the lines “Man is a political
animal.”

R S T T L
Objectives:
• Define politics, government and
governance
• Determine the different political ideologies
• Differentiate politics and political science
ACTIVITY
Examine the titles of the headline stories of
broad sheet newspapers. Then answer the
following questions in the next page.
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coronavirus outbreak

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Provincial Jail inmate tagged in P50-M ‘shabu’ deliver

Filipinos wins in ML challenge in the USA

Meats delivered in Misamis Oriental market positive for African Swine

Fever

Avon releases new shade of lipstick

QUESTIONS
WHAT IS POLITICS
 Politics
• The great Greek philosopher Aristotle once
said, “Man by nature is a political animal.”
• that is, nothing less than the activity through
which human beings attempt to improve
their lives and create the Good Society
• Politics is, above all, a social activity. It is
always a dialogue, and never a monologue.
 Politics

To study politics:
• to study government or more broadly, to
study the exercise of authority
• the art of government
• exercise of control within the society
through the making and enforcement of
collective decisions (Heywood, 1997).
 Politics

• Politics came from the word polis meaning

“of or pertaining to state” in Greek.
• It involves decision-making, law-making,
and governance.
• It is the study of practice and distribution of
powers.
 Politics

• The word moved into the

Latin language as politicus,
with additional meanings of
"city" and "civics."
 Politics

• Politics is a practical science since it

is concerned with the noble action
or happiness of the citizens
(although it resembles a productive
science in that it seeks to create,
preserve, and reform political
systems).
ACTIVITY
 Activity

1. MEANING INTERPRETATION

Greek word for

politics

The Latin word for

politics

2. Give your own interpretation or meaning of politics:

POLITICAL IDEOLOGY
 Political Ideology
According to the International Encyclopedia of
the Social and Behavioral Sciences (2001), a
political ideology is a set of ideas, beliefs,
values, and opinions, exhibiting a recurring
pattern, that competes deliberately as well as
unintentionally over providing plans of action
for public policy making, in an attempt to
justify, explain, contest, or change the social
and political arrangements and processes of a
political community.
 Political Ideology

Political ideologies, may more or less provide

basis for coherent ideas for organized political
action whether these ideas intend to preserve,
modify or overthrow an existing government or
power structure.
DIFFERENT POLITICAL VIEWS
 1.Conservatism

Conservatism is the belief that traditional

institutions work best and that society should
avoid radical change. Some conservatives
seek to preserve things as they are,
emphasizing stability and continuity, while
others oppose modernism and seek a return to
the way things were.
 1.Conservatism

Links the state to the need to provide authority

and discipline and to protect society from
chaos and disorder, hence, their traditional
preference for a strong state.
 2. Liberalism
Liberalism is the belief in the importance of
liberty and equality. Most liberals support
such fundamental ideas as constitutions,
liberal democracy, free and fair elections,
human rights, free trade, secularism, and
the market economy.
 2. Liberalism
Liberalism sees the state as a neutral
arbiter among competing interests and
groups in society, a vital guarantee of
social order. While classical liberals treat
the state as a necessary evil and extol the
virtues of a minimal or custodian state,
modern liberals recognize the state’s
positive role in widening freedom and
promoting equal opportunities
 3. Socialism
Socialism refers to the various theories of
economic organization which advocate
either public or direct worker ownership
and administration of the means of
production and allocation of resources.
 3. Socialism
Socialists generally share the view that
capitalism unfairly concentrates power and
wealth among a small segment of society that
controls capital and derives its wealth through
a system of exploitation. This in turn creates
an unequal society, that fails to provide equal
opportunities for everyone to maximize their
potential, and does not utilize technology and
resources to their maximum potential nor in
the interests of the public.
 3. Socialism
• It believes in social equality as it upholds
justice or fairness, underpins community and
cooperation, and enlarges freedom in a
positive sense as it likewise believes that
human fulfilment and realization is based on
need-satisfaction.
ACTIVITY
 MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
Modified True or False. Write TRUE if the given
statement is correct. If incorrect, replace the
underlined word/s to make the statement
correct.
1.

A political ideology is a set of

ideas, beliefs, values, and
opinions, exhibiting a recurring
pattern, that competes
deliberately as well as
unintentionally over providing
plans of action for public policy
making.
2.

Socialism is the belief

that traditional
institutions work best
and that society should
avoid radical change.
3,

Liberalism is the belief in

the importance of liberty
and equality.
4.

Conservatism refers to the

various theories of economic
organization which advocate
either public or direct worker
ownership and administration of
the means of production and
allocation of resources.
5.

Liberals believe in
utopian visions of a
better society where
individuals can achieve
genuine emancipation
and fulfilment as
members of society.
POLITICS AND POLITICAL
SCIENCE
 Political Science
Political Science is the study of the
phenomena of the state and
government; it is derived from two
Greek words, “polis” or “city” which
today would mean a sovereign state;
and “scire” meaning “science.”
 Aristotle
• Aristotle meant that the basic underlying
substance of human existence is politics, that is,
that man is predisposed to be involved in
politics.

• the only way to optimize the potentials and

capabilities of an individual and to achieve the
highest form of social existence was through
interaction with others in a state (Rodee, et al.,
1983).
 Political Science
Political Science as defined by Rodee
(1980) is “a branch of social science
that deals with the theory,
organization, government, and practice
of the state.”

Political Science also deals with those

relations among men and groups,
which are subject to control by the
state, and with the relations of the
state to other states.
 Montesquieu
Montesquieu (1689-1755), expounded the concept. He
posited that all the functions of government could be
encompassed within the categories of legislation,
execution, and the adjudication of law. He assumed that
liberty could best be assured by the distribution of these
functions – referring to legislation, execution, and
adjudication – among separate branches of the
government namely: the legislative, the executive
department, and the judiciary of the courts of law. The
preceding modules will discuss further the three
branches of the government.
THINK OF THIS
 Question
If you were the City Mayor of
Cagayan de Oro during the
onslaught of Sendong, how will
you restore or recover from the
destruction created by the
typhoon and address the many
concerns of the people affected?
VALUE OF POLITICS
 Question

Why should you

care about
politics?
 1.

• One reason you should care about politics is that you

should always know what is going on around you.

• if something dangerous is happening around you or

someone you know, you want to be aware if someone
is breaking the law.

• It is very important to know what is happening around

you.
 2.

• Another reason you should care about politics is that

you should have a say in what will happen.

• Also, each vote makes a difference in the ways that

we live. It is always important to share your opinion

• The way you vote will affect many people and their
everyday life.
 3.

Finally, you should care about politics because the

decisions people make will affect many lives. For
example, if someone wanted to build on the land, it
might be good for the people who worked in the area,
but residents who lived nearby and loved the land and
relied on the land for water and food might be
devastated. Sometimes things that sound like good
ideas might be very devastating later.
GOVERNANCE AND
GOVERNMENT
MEANING OF GOVERNANCE
 Governance in
General
The word “governance” came from the Latin verb
“gubernare,” or more originally from the Greek word
“kubernaein,” which means “to steer.” Basing on its
etymology, governance refers to the manner of steering
or governing, or of directing and controlling, a group of
people or a state.
 Definition of
Governance
• Governance is commonly defined as
the exercise of power or authority by
political leaders for the well-being of
their country’s citizens or subjects.
 Governance and
•
Government
Governance is traditionally associated with the government. In
works of literature, they are often used interchangeably.
• Today, governance includes three sectors: the public sector (state
actors and institutions), the private sector (households and
companies), and the civil society (non-governmental
organizations).
• These three sectors are said to work hand in hand in the process of
governance. This new use of the term focuses on the role of
“networks” in the achievement of the common good, whether
these networks are intergovernmental, transnational, or
international.
• In other words, governance is broader than government in that
 Governance and
•
Government
The government refers to a central institution which wields power
over its subjects.
• It is the instrument patterned after the model of "command and
control," the government being in command over the affairs of the
people.

• Governance is closely associated with the concept of

decentralization of power and the need for inter-sectoral
management.

• Governance is based on the realization that the government

cannot do everything for the people so that in order to survive the
 Governance and
Government
Thus, under the current trend, there is a need to move from the
"traditional hierarchical exercise of power by the government"
to the new notion of a "dispersed and relational power in
governance" – from the government to governance. To govern
should now mean to facilitate or regulate, not to dominate or
command.
Governance has three legs:

A Economic governance

B Political governance

C Administrative governance
 Economic
Governance
includes decision-making processes
that affect a country's economic
activities and its relationships with
other economies. It clearly has major
implications for equity, poverty, and
quality of life
 Political Governance

is the process of decision-

making to formulate policy.
 Administrative
Governance

is the system of policy

implementation.
CURRENT STATE OF GOVERNANCE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 1.

The Philippines is plagued by bad

governance.
 2.

As perceived and experienced by the

common Filipino masses, the foremost
indicators of bad governance in the
Philippines are the unending cycle of poverty,
the huge gap between the rich and the poor,
the deep-seated tradition of corruption,
mistrust on formal government institutions,
yawning cynicism on the true motive of
political actions, instability of the economic
environment, constant threats to the
authority of the established government, and
questions on accountability and transparency
 3.

Bad governance is the root

cause of all evils. It is what
prevents the Philippines from
achieving its Millennium
Development Goals.
APPLICATION
 1.

Who are the actors in the

process of governance? How
do they interact in coming up
with, and in implementing
decisions?
 2.

How are the indicators of good

governance related to each
other? Give a concrete
example of your answer.
 3.

How does governance

transform into bad
governance? Give concrete
examples.
 4.

What is the status of

governance here in the
Philippines? Support your
answer.
 5.

Give your recommendations on

how to improve Philippine
governance.
THANK YOU !
See you next time!