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14 views

Files

Uploaded by

seethalsomisetty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Files

File is a set of records that can be accessed through the set of library functions.
There are two types of files, namely
Sequential file
Random Access file

Sequential File:-
•In this type records are kept sequentially.
•If we want to read the last record of the file , then we need to read all the
records before that record.
Random Access File:-
•In this type data can be read and modified randomly.
•In this type , if we want to read the last records of the file, we can read it
directly.
•It takes less time as compared to sequential file
‘C’ supports a number of functions that
have the ability to perform basic file
operations such as
• Naming a file
• Opening a file
• Reading data from a file
• Writing data to a file
• Closing a file
• File handling is one of the most important
parts of programming. In C, we use a structure
pointer of a file type to declare a file:
• FILE *fp;
File Handling functions
C provides a number of build-in function to perform basic file operations:
• fopen() - create a new file or open a existing file
• fclose() - close a file
• getc() - reads a character from a file
• putc() - writes a character to a file
• fscanf() - reads a set of data from a file
• fprintf() - writes a set of data to a file
• getw() - reads a integer from a file
• putw() - writes a integer to a file
• fseek() - set the position to desire point
• ftell() - gives current position in the file
• rewind() - set the position to the beginning point
Opening a file

• The fopen() function is used to create a file or


open an existing file.
• There are many modes for opening a file:
r - open a file in read mode
w - opens or create a text file in write mode
a - opens a file in append mode
r+ - opens a file in both read and write mode
a+ - opens a file in both append and read mode
w+ - opens a file in both write and read mode
Closing a file
• file must be closed as soon as all operations on
it have been completed.
• In order to close a file that has been opened we
use the function fclose(). The general format of
closing a file is
fclose (file-pointer);
Ex: File *fp;
fp = fopen (“demo.txt “,”r”)
fclose (fp);
Random Accesses to Files of Records.
• There is no need to read each record
sequentially, if we want to access a particular
record. C supports these functions for random
access file processing.

• fseek()
• ftell()
• rewind()
fseek():

This function is used to move the file position to a desired location within
the file. It takes the following form.
fseek (file-ptr, offset, position);

file-ptr is a pointer to the file concerned.


offset is a number or variable of type long . The offset specifies the number to
reposition the file pointer towards the backward or forward direction.
The position can take one of the following three values.

Integer Value Constant Meaning


0 SEEK_SET beginning of file
1 SEEK_CUR current position
2 SEEK_END end of file.
Ex:
1) fseek( p,10L,0)

0 means pointer position is on beginning of the file,from this


statement pointer position is skipped 10 bytes from the
beginning of the file.
2) fseek( p,5L,1)

1 means current position of the pointer position.From this


statement pointer position is skipped 5 bytes forward from the
current position.
3) fseek(p,-5L,1)

From this statement pointer position is skipped 5 bytes


backward from the current position.
ftell()
• It takes a file pointer and returns a
number of type long, that corresponds to the
correct positionIt takes the following form
n =ftell(fp);
• ‘n’ would give the relative offset (in bytes) of
the current position. This means that ‘n’ bytes
have already been read (or) written.
rewind()
• It takes a file pointer and resets the position to
the start of the file.
For example, the statement
rewind (fp);
n = ftell(fp);
would assign 0 to n because the file position has
been set to the start of the file by rewind.
Write to a text file

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int num;
FILE *fptr; // use appropriate location if you are using MacOS or Linux
fptr = fopen("C:\\program.txt","w");
if(fptr == NULL)
{
printf("Error!");
exit(1);
}
printf("Enter num: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
fprintf(fptr,"%d",num);
fclose(fptr);
return 0;
}
Read from a text file
int main()
{
int num;
FILE *fptr;
if ((fptr = fopen("C:\\program.txt","r")) == NULL)
{
printf("Error! opening file"); // Program exits if the file
pointer returns NULL.
exit(1);
}
fscanf(fptr,"%d", &num);
printf("Value of n=%d", num);
fclose(fptr);
return 0;
}
Ex pgm on fseek()
#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
FILE *fp;

fp = fopen("myfile.txt","w+");
fputs("This is javatpoint", fp);

fseek( fp, 7, SEEK_SET );


fputs("sonoo jaiswal", fp);
fclose(fp);
}
// C Program to demonstrate the use of fseek()
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("test.txt", "r");

// Moving pointer to end


fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);

// Printing position of pointer


printf("%ld", ftell(fp));

return 0;
}
Output:
81
• The file test.txt contains the following text:

"Someone over there is calling you. we are


going for work. take care of yourself."
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("file.txt","w+");
fputs("This is tutorialspoint.com", fp);
fseek( fp, 7, SEEK_SET );
fputs(" C Programming Language", fp);
fclose(fp);
return(0);
}
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
FILE *fp;
char data[60];
fp = fopen ("test.c","w");
fputs("Fresh2refresh.com is a programming tutorial website", fp);
fgets ( data, 60, fp );
printf(Before fseek - %s", data);

// To set file pointet to 21th byte/character in the file


fseek(fp, 21, SEEK_SET);
fgets ( data, 60, fp );
printf("After SEEK_SET to 21 - %s", data);

// To find backward 10 bytes from current position


fseek(fp, -10, SEEK_CUR);
fgets ( data, 60, fp );
printf("After SEEK_CUR to -10 - %s", data);

// To find 7th byte before the end of file


fseek(fp, -7, SEEK_END);
fgets ( data, 60, fp );
printf("After SEEK_END to -7 - %s", data);

// To set file pointer to the beginning of the file


fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET); // We can use rewind(fp);

fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Before fseek – Fresh2refresh.com is a
programming tutorial website
After SEEK_SET to 21 – a programming tutorial
website
After SEEK_CUR to -10 – sh.com is a
programming tutorial website
After SEEK_END to -7 – website

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