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Sampling SD

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Strawberry Cub
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20 views10 pages

Sampling SD

Uploaded by

Strawberry Cub
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Population vs.

The Sample

We will likely never know these


(population parameters - these
are things that we want to know
The population about in the population)
Number = N

Mean = 

Standard deviation = 

Cannot afford to measure


parameters of the whole population
3 Types of Samples
• Haphazard sampling
– Convenience or self-selection
• Quota sampling
– Categories and proportions in the population
• Probability sampling
– Random sampling
– Multistage cluster sampling
– accuracy (margin of error) & confidence level
The Population vs. The Sample

We will likely never know these


(population parameters - these
are things that we want to know
The population about in the population)
Number = N

Mean = 

Standard deviation = 

Cannot afford to measure


parameters of the whole population
So we draw a random sample.
The Population vs. The Sample

The sample
Sample size = n
Sample mean = x
Sample standard
deviation = s

Cannot afford to measure


parameters of the whole population
So we draw a random sample.
The Population vs. The Sample
Does  = x? Probably not. We
need to be confident that x does a
good job of representing .
The population
Number = N

Mean = 

Standard deviation =  The sample


Sample size = n
Sample mean = x
Sample standard
deviation = s
Connecting the Population Mean to the Sample Mean
How closely does our sample mean resemble the population mean
(a “population parameter” in which we are ultimately interested)?

Population parameter = sample statistic + random sampling error


(or “standard error”)

Random sampling error = (variation component) .


or “standard error” (sample size component)
Use a square-root
function of sample size
The sample
s = me Sample size = n
asure Sample mean = x
of var
iation Sample standard
deviation = s
Standard error (OR random sampling error) = s .
(n-1)

Population mean = x+ s . The population mean likely falls within


(n-1) some range around the sample mean—
plus or minus a standard error or so.
To Compute Standard Deviation
• Population standard deviation

• Sample standard deviation


Why Use Squared Deviations?
• Why not just use differences?
– Student A’s exam scores/(Stock A’s prices):
– 94, 86, 94, 86
• Why not just use absolute values?
– Student B’s exam scores/(Stock B’s prices):
– 97, 84, 91, 88
– Which one is more spread out /unstable /risky
/volatile?
is the formula for:

A.Population standard deviation


B.Sample standard deviation
C.Standard error
D.Random sampling error
E.Population mean

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