Database Management System [3051-

M.Sc. (Applied Statistics)]

Unit 1. Overview of DBMS &

RDBMS
By Dr. Tejaskumar Ghadiyali
3051- Database Management System - Syllabus
3051- Database Management System - Syllabus
3051- Database Management System - Syllabus
3051- Database Management System - Syllabus
Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
• Overview of Database Management System
• Introduction
• What is Database System?
• What is Database?
• Why Database?
• Introduction to Database Language
• Advantage of DBMS v/s File Processing
System
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
• Data-Information-Knowledge
• Data consists of raw facts
• Facts are arranged in meaningful manner and it becomes
Information
• Information is a collection of facts organized and
processed so that they have additional value than that of an
individual fact
• Knowledge is the understanding of a set of information
• KW are the people of science who determines such
understanding of linking of disparate information
Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
Evolution of Database System Technology:

File Processing System

1960 and Earlier Data Collection & Creation

Database Management System

1970 to early 1980 Relational, SQL, User Interface, Forms.
Reports, OLTP

Advanced Database System

Mid 1980 to present Web Based Database(XML), Issue of Data
privacy & Security

Advanced Database System

Late 1980 to Data Warehouse, OLAP, Data Mining
present and Knowledge Discovery, BigData

Future NoSQL,BigData???
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
• Database System is basically just a computerized record-
keeping system
• The database itself can be regarded as a kind of electronic
filling cabinet i.e. repository or container of a collection of
computerized data
• Overall purpose is to store information and to allow users
to retrieve and update that information on demand
• User can perform the following operation with respect to
the data
• Retrieve
• Insert
• Update
• Delete
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
• Database System is a collection of various components such
as Data, Hardware, Software and Users
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
• Data in a database will be both integrated and shared
(think about multi-user environment with client-server
architecture)
• Data integration and Data sharing represent major
advantage of database
• By integrated we can resolve the problem of redundancy.
• E.g. Employee, Enrollment and Training
• E.g. Purchase, Production, Account
• By shared we can give the access of the same database to
multiple users – even at the same time (concurrently)
• E.g. ATM Withdraw
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
• Hardware component of a database consists of
• Secondary storage device – used to store the data
• Associated I/O Devices
• I/O controller that manages software
• And many more hardware component used for multi-
user (client-server) architecture
• Software is a component between the data as physically
stored and the users of the system is a layer of software
• It is also known as database manager or database
management system (DBMS)
• All requests for access to the database are handled by
the DBMS
•
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
• DBMS is easily the most important software component in
the overall system but it is not the only one
• Sometimes in sleepy terminology many uses a word
“Database” instead of “DBMS”
• User broadly classified into three categories
Application Programmer
End Users
Database Administrator (DBA)
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
• What is Database?
• A Database is a collection of persistent data that is used by
the application system of some given enterprise
• The word data derives from the Latin word “to give” thus
data is really given facts from which additional facts can be
inferred
• Data is represented by means of rows in tables – called as
record (or tuple in RDBMS)
• Each row is classified into various detail head – called as
attribute (or relation in RDBMS)
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
• What is Database?
• Database is a collection of inter-related data which helps
in efficient retrieval, insertion and deletion of data from
database and organizes the data in the form of tables,
views, schemas, reports etc.
• For Example, university database organizes the data about
students, faculty, and admin staff etc. which helps in
efficient retrieval, insertion and deletion of data from it.
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
• Why is Database?
• Database gives following benefits against traditional
systems are
• Compactness
• Speed
• Accuracy
• Protection
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
• File System manages data using files in hard disk. Users
are allowed to create, delete, and update the files according
to their requirement.
• Redundancy of data: Data is said to be redundant if same
data is copied at many places. If a student wants to change
Phone number, he has to get it updated at various sections.
Similarly, old records must be deleted from all sections
representing that student.
• Inconsistency of Data: Data is said to be inconsistent if
multiple copies of same data does not match with each
other. If Phone number is different in Accounts Section and
Academics Section, it will be inconsistent. Inconsistency
may be because of typing errors or not updating all copies
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
• Difficult Data Access: A user should know the exact
location of file to access data, so the process is very
cumbersome and tedious. If user wants to search student
hostel allotment number of a student from 10000 unsorted
students’ records, how difficult it can be.
• Unauthorized Access: File System may lead to
unauthorized access to data. If a student gets access to file
having his marks, he can change it in unauthorized way.
• No Concurrent Access: The access of same data by
multiple users at same time is known as concurrency. File
system does not allow concurrency as data can be accessed
by only one user at a time.
• No Backup and Recovery: File system does not
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
Benefits of DBMS over File Processing System
• Reducing Data Redundancy
Redundancy removed by data normalization.
No data duplication saves storage and improves access time.
• Data Consistency and Integrity
root cause of data inconsistency is data redundancy, since
data normalization takes care of the data redundancy, data
inconsistency also been taken care of as part of it
• Data Security
It is easier to apply access constraints in database systems
so that only authorized user is able to access the data. Each
user has a different set of access thus data is secured from
the issues such as identity theft, data leaks and misuse of
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
Benefits of DBMS over File Processing System
• Privacy
Limited access means privacy of data
• Easy Access to Data
Database systems manages data in such a way so that the
data is easily accessible with fast response time
• Easy Recovery
Since database systems keeps the backup of data, it is easier
to do a full recovery of data in case of a failure
• Flexible
Database systems are more flexible than file processing
systems
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
Introduction to Database Language
• User request for retrieving data from database or updating
data in database is known as query
• Such Query can be provided to database using a specific
language called as Query Language
• SQL, formally known as Structure Query Language,
originally a proprietary language of IBM (1970) , now it is
world wide standard language that support every database
software commercially available in market
• SQL, the most influential commercially marketed query
language
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
Introduction to Database Language
• So, we refer to the SQL language as a “query language,”
• IBM implemented the language, originally called Sequel
• The Sequel language has evolved since then, and its name
has changed to SQL (Structured Query Language)
• SQL has clearly established itself as the standard
relational-database language
• The SQL language has several parts such as
• DDL - Data Definition Language
• DML – Data Manipulation Language
• TCL – Transaction Control Language
 Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
Introduction to Database Language
• Data-definition language (DDL)
The SQL DDL provides commands for defining relation
schemas, deleting relations, and modifying relation
schemas
• Data-Manipulation Language (DML)
The SQL DML includes a query language based on
commands to insert tuples into, delete tuples from, and
modify tuples in the database
• Transaction Control Language (TCL)
SQL includes commands for specifying the beginning and
ending of transactions.
Unit 1. Overview of DBMS & RDBMS
Thanks ….