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03-inheritance

inheritance introduction

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25 views14 pages

03-inheritance

inheritance introduction

Uploaded by

arulmr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CSE 143

Lecture 3
Inheritance

slides created by Marty Stepp


http://www.cs.washington.edu/143/
More ArrayIntList
• Let's add some new features to our ArrayIntList class:
1. A method that allows client programs to print a list's elements
2. A constructor that accepts an initial capacity
(By writing these we will recall some features of objects in Java.)

• Printing lists: You may be tempted to write a print method:


// client code
ArrayIntList list = new ArrayIntList();
...
list.print();
– Why is this a bad idea? What would be better?

2
The toString method
• Tells Java how to convert an object into a String
ArrayIntList list = new ArrayIntList();
System.out.println("list is " + list);
// ("list is " + list.toString());

• Syntax:
public String toString() {
code that returns a suitable String;
}

• Every class has a toString, even if it isn't in your code.


– The default is the class's name and a hex (base-16)
number:
ArrayIntList@9e8c34 3
toString solution
// Returns a String representation of the list.
public String toString() {
if (size == 0) {
return "[]";
} else {
String result = "[" + elementData[0];
for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
result += ", " + elementData[i];
}
result += "]";
return result;
}
}

4
Multiple constructors
• existing constructor:
public ArrayIntList() {
elementData = new int[1000];
size = 0;
}

• Add a new constructor that accepts a capacity


parameter:
public ArrayIntList(int capacity) {
elementData = new int[capacity];
size = 0;
}

– The constructors are very similar. Can we avoid


redundancy?

5
this keyword
• this : A reference to the implicit parameter
(the object on which a method/constructor is called)

• Syntax:
– To refer to a field: this.field
– To call a method:
this.method(parameters);
– To call a constructor this(parameters);
from another constructor:

6
Revised constructors

public ArrayIntList(int capacity) {


elementData = new int[capacity];
size = 0;
}

public ArrayIntList() {
this(1000); // calls other constructor
}

7
Exercise
• Write a class called StutterIntList.
– Its constructor accepts an integer stretch parameter.
– Every time an integer is added, the list will actually add
stretch number of copies of that integer.

• Example usage:
StutterIntList list = new StutterIntList(3);
list.add(7); // [7, 7, 7]
list.add(-1); // [7, 7, 7, -1, -1, -1]
list.add(2, 5); // [7, 7, 5, 5, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1]
list.remove(4); // [7, 7, 5, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1]
System.out.println(list.getStretch()); // 3

8
Inheritance
• inheritance: Forming new classes based on existing
ones.
– a way to share/reuse code between two or more classes
– superclass: Parent class being extended.
– subclass: Child class that inherits behavior from
superclass.
• gets a copy of every field and method from superclass

– is-a relationship: Each object of the subclass also "is


a(n)" object of the superclass and can be treated as one.

9
Inheritance syntax
public class name extends superclass {

– Example:

public class Lawyer extends Employee {


...
}

• By extending Employee, each Lawyer object now:


– receives a copy of each method from Employee
automatically
– can be treated as an Employee by client code

10
Overriding methods
• override: To replace a superclass's method by writing
a new version of that method in a subclass.
– No special syntax is required to override a method.
Just write a new version of it in the subclass.

public class Lawyer extends Employee {


// overrides getSalary method in Employee class;
// give Lawyers a $5K raise
public double getSalary() {
return 55000.00;
}
}

11
super keyword
• Subclasses can call overridden methods with super
super.method(parameters)
– Example:
public class Lawyer extends Employee {
// give Lawyers a $5K raise (better)
public double getSalary() {
double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
return baseSalary + 5000.00;
}
}

– This version makes sure that Lawyers always make $5K


more than Employees, even if the Employee's salary
changes.
12
Calling super constructor
super(parameters);

– Example:
public class Lawyer extends Employee {
public Lawyer(int years) {
super(years); // calls Employee constructor
}
...
}

– The super call must be the first statement in the


constructor.
– Constructors are not inherited; If you extend a class, you
must write all the constructors you want your subclass to
have.
13
Exercise solution
public class StutterIntList extends ArrayIntList {
private int stretch;
public StutterIntList(int stretchFactor) {
super();
stretch = stretchFactor;
}
public StutterIntList(int stretchFactor, int capacity) {
super(capacity);
stretch = stretchFactor;
}
public void add(int value) {
for (int i = 1; i <= stretch; i++) {
super.add(value);
}
}
public void add(int index, int value) {
for (int i = 1; i <= stretch; i++) {
super.add(index, value);
}
}
public int getStretch() {
return stretch;
}
} 14

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