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Data Processing

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Karen Capacio
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5 views21 pages

Data Processing

Uploaded by

Karen Capacio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA

PROCESSING
DATA PROCESSING
Data processing is consist of five
important steps, namely:
 Editing of Data
Coding of Data
 Classification of Data
Tabulation of Data
Data Diagrams
DATA PROCESSING
It occurs when data is collected and
translated into usable information. Data
processing starts with data in its raw
form and coverts it into a more readable
format (graphs, documents, etc.), giving
it the form and context necessary to be
interpreted by computers and utilized by
employees throughout n organization.
SIX STAGES OF DATA
PROCESSING
 Data Collection. Collecting data is the first
step in data processing. Data is pulled from
available sources, including data lakes and
data warehouses. It is important that the data
sources available are trustworthy and well-
built so the data collected is of the highest
possible quality
 Data Preparation. Once the data is
collected, it then enters the data
preparation stage. Data preparation,
often referred to as “pre-processing” is
the stage at which raw data is cleaned
up and organized for the following
stage of data processing. During
preparation, raw data is thoroughly
checked for any errors.
 Data Input. The clean data is then input its
destination and translated into a language that
could be understand. This is the first stage
wherein the raw data begins to take the form
of usable information.
 Processing. During this stage, the data
inputted to the computer in the previous stage
is actually processed for interpretation.
Processing is done using machine learning
algorithms, though the process itself may vary
depending on the sourced of data being
processed (data lakes, social networks,
connected devices etc.) and its intended use
 Data output/interpretation. Is the
stage at which data is finally usable. It is
translated, readable, and often in the form
of graphs, videos, images, plain text, etc.
 Data Storage and Report Writing.
After all of the data is processed, it is then
stored for future use. Proper storage of
data isa necessity for compliance with
data protection legislation like GDPR.
EDITING
First step in analysis is to edit raw data.
Editing detects errors and omissions, corrects
them whatever possible . Editors
responsibility is to guarantee that data are –
accurate; consistent with the intent of the
questionnaire; uniformly entered; complete;
and arranged to simplify coding and
tabulation.
Editing of data may be accomplished in two ways-
• Field Editing – is preliminary editing of data by
a field supervisor on the same data as the
interview. Its purpose is to identify technical
omissions, check legibility, and clarify responses
that are logically and conceptually inconsistent.
• In-house also called central editing – her, all
the questionnaires undergo thorough editing. It
is a rigorous job performed by central office staff
CODING
Coding refers to the process of assigning
numerals or other symbols to answers so that
responses can be put into a limited number of
categories or classes. Coding is necessary for
the efficient analysis and through it the
several replies may be reduced to small
number of classes which contain the critical
information required for analysis.
CODING SHEET EXAMPLE
CLASSIFICATION
It is the process of arranging data in
groups or classes on the basis of
common characteristics. Data having a
common characteristics are placed in one
class and in this way the entire data get
divided into a number of groups or
classes.
Classification can be one of the following two types,
depending upon the nature of the phenomenon
involved:
 (a) Classification according to attributes: data
is classified on the basis of common characteristics
which can either be descriptive (such as literacy,
sex, honesty, etc.) or numerical (such as weight,
height, income, etc.)
 (b) Classification according to class-
intervals: Data relating to income, production,
age, weight, etc. come under this category. Such
data are known as statistics of variables and are
classified on the basis of class intervals.
DATA CLASSIFICATION EXAMPLE
TABULATION
Is a systematic and logical presentation
of numeric data in rows and columns to
facilitate comparison and statistical
analysis. In other words, the method of
placing organized data into a tabular
form is called tabulation. It may be
complex, double or simple depending
upon the nature of categorization.
TABULATION EXAMPLE
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION
Is a way of analyzing numerical data. It
exhibits the relation between data, ideas,
information, and concepts in diagram.
There are different type of graphical
presentation: Line Graphs, Bar Graphs,
Histograms, Line Plot, Frequency Table,
Circle Graph, Stem and Leaf Plot, Box and
Whisker Plot.
INTERPRETATION
 (1) the act or the result or interpreting;
a particular adaptation or version of a
work, method, or style.
 Is the act of explaining, reframing, or
otherwise showing your own
understanding of something
INFERENCE
Is using observation and background to
reach a logical conclusion
You probably practice inference every
day, for example
If you see someone eating a new food
and he or she makes a face, then you
infer he does not like it.
THANK
YOU!!

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