Introduction

to Big Data
Contents
Introduction to big data
Characteristics of big data
Big data technologies
Big data analytics
Applications of big data
Challenges of big data
Future trends in big data
Introduction to Big Data
• Definition: Big Data refers to vast volumes of data that are too large and complex to be
processed using traditional data-processing tools.
• Data; It involves structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data that is generated at high
speed, from various sources. That is it provides results in real-time (if we search something
adds of that thing will be shown on different cites).
• Data Storage and Management: Storing Big Data requires specialized tools and infrastructure,
such as Hadoop and NoSQL databases like MongoDB, which handle large datasets across
distributed systems.
• 5 Vs concept: These helps in understanding the challenges and opportunities Big Data
brings in terms of storage, processing, and analysis.
5 Vs of Big data
• The 3 V’s of Big Data:
• Volume: Refers to the large amount of data generated
every second from various sources like social media,
sensors, transactions, etc.
• Velocity: The speed at which data is generated and
needs to be processed. For example, real-time data like
online transactions or social media feeds.
• Variety: The different types of data (structured like
databases, semi-structured like XML, and unstructured
like video and text).
• Additional V’s (Optional):
• Veracity: The uncertainty of data (quality and reliability).
• Value: The usefulness of the data for decision-making
and insights.
Big Data Technologies
• Hadoop: An open-source framework that enables the distributed processing of large datasets.
It uses HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) to store data across multiple machines and
MapReduce for data processing.
• NoSQL Databases: These databases are designed to handle unstructured or semi-structured
data. Examples include MongoDB (document-based), Cassandra (column-family), and Redis
(key-value store).
• Apache Spark: A fast, in-memory data processing engine that performs real-time analytics.
Unlike Hadoop, Spark can process data faster by storing intermediate data in memory.
• Cloud Platforms: Cloud services like AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure provide scalable
infrastructure to store and process Big Data without the need for on-premise hardware.
Big Data Analytics
• Descriptive Analytics: Analyzes historical data to understand past behaviors or trends. It uses
techniques like data aggregation, reporting, and dashboards.
• Predictive Analytics: Uses historical data to forecast future outcomes. Techniques include
statistical modeling and machine learning algorithms.
• Prescriptive Analytics: Suggests actions or decisions to optimize future outcomes, using
optimization algorithms or decision trees.
• Real-Time Analytics: Involves analyzing data as it is generated. It's critical for applications like
fraud detection, social media monitoring, and real-time pricing.
Applications of Big Data
• Healthcare: Big Data helps in predicting patient outcomes, personalizing treatment plans, and
enhancing drug discovery through the analysis of vast health datasets.
• Finance: Banks use Big Data to detect fraudulent transactions, assess credit risks, and optimize
trading algorithms.
• Retail: Retailers use customer data to analyze buying behavior, optimize inventory, and
personalize marketing campaigns.
• Social Media: Big Data is used to analyze user sentiment, track trends, and provide
personalized content and advertising.
• Transportation: Used for optimizing traffic flows, route planning, and enabling self-driving cars
by processing vast amounts of sensor data in real-time.
• Manufacturing: Helps in predictive maintenance, quality control, and supply chain optimization
by analyzing operational data.
Challenges of Big Data
• Data Privacy and Security: The sheer volume of sensitive data makes it a target for cyber-
attacks. Big Data systems must ensure compliance with privacy regulations like GDPR and
implement robust security measures.
• Data Quality: Big Data often contains errors, inconsistencies, or missing values. Data cleaning
and validation are essential before analysis.
• Data Storage and Scalability: As data grows, it requires scalable storage solutions. Technologies
like Hadoop and cloud platforms help scale storage horizontally.
• Integration of Disparate Data: Integrating data from diverse sources, formats, and systems can
be complex. This requires specialized tools for data integration.
• Talent Shortage: The demand for skilled data scientists, engineers, and analysts exceeds the
available supply, making it a challenge to manage Big Data effectively.
Future Trends in Big Data
• AI and Machine Learning Integration: Big Data and AI are intertwined. AI models are trained
using large datasets, and Big Data helps improve these models by providing real-time insights.
• Edge Computing: Data is processed closer to its source (on devices or local servers) rather than
being sent to a centralized cloud. This reduces latency, which is essential for IoT applications.
• Blockchain and Big Data: Blockchain can help secure data storage, improve data integrity, and
ensure transparency in Big Data applications.
• Data Democratization: Making data accessible to non-technical users through user-friendly
tools, like self-service BI dashboards and low-code/no-code platforms, is increasing.
Thank
You