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Module-II_Basic Principles_part-1

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Module-II_Basic Principles_part-1

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bikashkumarsaw90
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Digital Electronics

Principles & Applications

Module/Unit-II
Numbers We Use in
Digital Electronics
CHAPTER 2 PREVIEW

• Counting in Decimal • Electronic


and Binary Translators
• Place Value • Hexadecimal
Numbers
• Binary to Decimal
Conversion • Octal Numbers
• Decimal to Binary
Conversion
COUNTING IN
DECIMAL AND BINARY
• Number System -
Code using symbols that refer to
a number of items.

• Decimal Number System -


Uses ten symbols (base 10 system)

• Binary System -
Uses two symbols (base 2 system)
PLACE VALUE

• Numeric value of symbols in different positions.


• Example - Place value in binary system:

Place Value 8s 4s 2s 1s

Binary Yes Yes No No

Number 1 1 0 0
RESULT: Binary 1100 = decimal 8 + 4 + 0 + 0 = decimal 12
BINARY TO DECIMAL
CONVERSION
Convert Binary Number 110011
to a Decimal Number:

Binary 1 1 0 0 1 1

Decimal 32 + 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 51
TEST
Convert the following binary
numbers into decimal numbers:

Binary 1001 = 9

Binary 1111 = 15

Binary 0010 = 2
DECIMAL TO BINARY
CONVERSION
Divide by 2 Process

Decimal # 13 ÷ 2 = 6 remainder 1

6 ÷ 2 = 3 remainder 0

3 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 1

1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1

1 1 0 1
TEST

Convert the following decimal


numbers into binary:
Decimal 11 = 1011

Decimal 4 = 0100

Decimal 17 = 10001
ELECTRONIC TRANSLATORS

Devices that convert from decimal to


binary numbers and from binary to
decimal numbers.

Encoders -
translates from decimal to binary
Decoders -
translates from binary to decimal
ELECTRONIC ENCODER -
DECIMAL TO BINARY
Binary output
Decimal input
01
0011
0
7 Decimal
5 to
3 Binary
Encoder
0

• Encoders are available in IC form.


• This encoder translates from decimal
input to binary (BCD) output.
ELECTRONIC DECODING:
BINARY TO DECIMAL
Binary input Decimal output
01
0010
1

Binary-to-
7-Segment
Decoder/
Driver

• Electronic decoders are available in IC form.


• This decoder translates from binary to decimal.
• Decimals are shown on an 7-segment LED display.
• This decoder also drives the 7-segment display.
HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
Uses 16 symbols -Base 16 System
0-9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Decimal Binary Hexadecimal
1 0001 1
9 1001 9
10 1010 A
15 1111 F
16 10000 10
HEXADECIMAL AND
BINARY CONVERSIONS
•Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion
Hexadecimal C 3

Binary 1100 0011

•Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion


Binary 1110 1010

Hexadecimal E A
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL
CONVERSION
Divide by 16 Process

Decimal # 47 ÷ 16 = 2 remainder 15

2 ÷ 16 = 0 remainder 2

2 F
HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
CONVERSION
Convert hexadecimal number
2DB to a decimal number

Place Value 256s 16s 1s

Hexadecimal 2 D B
(256 x 2) (16 x 13) (1 x 11)

Decimal 512 + 208 + 11 = 731


TEST
Convert Hexadecimal number A6 to Binary

A6 = 1010 0110 (Binary)

Convert Hexadecimal number 16 to Decimal


16 = 22 (Decimal)

Convert Decimal 63 to Hexadecimal

63 = 3F (Hexadecimal)
OCTAL NUMBERS

Uses 8 symbols -Base 8 System


0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Decimal Binary Octal


1 001 1
6 110 6
7 111 7
8 001 000 10
9 001 001 11
PRACTICAL SUGGESTION ON
NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSIONS
• Use a scientific calculator

• Most scientific calculators have DEC, BIN,


OCT, and HEX modes and can either
convert between codes or perform
arithmetic in different number systems.

• Most scientific calculators also have other


functions that are valuable in digital
electronics such as AND, OR, NOT,
XOR, and XNOR logic functions.

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