Chapter Two
Chapter Two
Basics of Telecom
Networks
12/04/2024 Telecommunication Networks by Solomon M. 1
Lecture outlines
Telephone Networks.
Computer Networks.
wireless networks.
Networking principles.
Traffic characterization and QOS.
Network elements.
Network mechanisms.
1. Radio transmission
• Easily generated, Omni-directionally travel long distances, easily
penetrate buildings.
2. Microwave transmission
• Widely used for long distance communications
• Give a high S/N ratio relatively inexpensive.
3. Infrared and millimeter waves
• Widely used for millimeter waves – 30 GHz
• Unable to pass through solid objects.
4. Light-wave transmission
• Unguided optical signal, such as laser
12/04/2024 Telecommunication Networks by Solomon M. 21
Types of wireless networks
1. Cellular Systems
2. Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Short range (10m, extendable to 100m)
• Operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band
3. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)
Network between devices in close physical proximity (offices, homes, …),
usually stationary or moving at low speed, provide access to fixed
infrastructure.
The term Wi-Fi is widely used
7. Satellite Systems
over very large areas
• Very useful in sparsely populated areas, rural areas, sea, mountain areas
12/04/2024 Telecommunication Networks by Solomon M. 23
Networking principles
1. Digitization
There are two aspects of digitization:-
a. Any information bearing signal can be represent by a binary string with
arbitrarily high degree of accuracy.
b. Much cheaper to : - Store
- Copy
- Manipulate
- transmit
2. Economies of scale
Communication network exhibit scale economies. that is
- the average cost per user of the network declines as the network increases in size,
which is measured by - number of user
- subscribers
- host computer
3. Network Externalities
4. Service of integration
4. Network game
many networked games are played across the internet.
5. Client/server
Many networked applications are organized according to a
client/server model
12/04/2024
to share file.
Telecommunication Networks by Solomon M. 26
Full Network services
Spectrum
4. User behavior :
The statistical properties of the switching system are a
function of the behavior of users who encounter call
blocking.
offered traffic.
Blocking probability :