Cyber Safety

Based on CBSE Curriculum

Class -11
 Introduction
• Now a days we can not even think
our lives without internet. Internet
has not only provided so many
facilities to us but also made tasks
really easy.
• At the other hand, if it is not used
carefully then it may be dangerous
too.
• Therefore, it is required to know
that what are the risks of using
internet and what are the ethics of
using internet.
• In this chapter we will learn all this
in detail.
 What is Cyber
• Using internet with care and responsibility
is called
Cyber Safety ?
Safety so that we can keep our personal information safe.

Browsing the Web securely

• Now a days working on web has become necessary therefore
we should be aware about the risks we can face on web. We
should be take care for the following facts-
–What are the Possible Dangers?
- How to avoid these?
–How to behave while using web?
-Additionally we should always remember that–
– Every site is not safe.
– Whatever you are doing online can be viewed by others.
– Whatever you see online is not necessarily true.
– Before going online you should make arrangements for your computer’s safety.
 Identity Protection using
• Identity Internet
Theft is a kind of fraud
which involves using someone
else’s identity to steal money or
gain other benefits.
• Online identity theft refers to an
act of stealing someone’s
personal information such as
name, login details etc. and then
posing as that person online.
• Most common solution to this is-
Private browsing or Anonymous
browsing.
• Before talk about it, lets talk about
what happens when you normally
browse the internet.
 Many ways Websites track
• Whenever you
you visit a website, your web browser may reveal your
location via your device’s IP address.
• It can also provide your search and browsing history etc. which
may be used by third parties, like advertisers or criminals.
• This way website track you. Tracking is generally used by
advertising networks to build up details profiles for pinpoint ad-
targeting.
• This information is compiled through your web usage patterns, and
which websites generally use for tracking you. This generally
includes-

(a) IP Address: IP address is a unique

address of your device when you connect
to the internet. From your IP address, a
website can determine your rough
geographical location.
Neha Tyagi, KV 5 Jaipur II Shift
(b) Cookies and Tracking Scripts: cookies
are small pieces of information websites
can store in your browser. Cookies can
be-
1. First Party Cookies- These are the cookies
that store your own log in id, password,
auto fill information etc.
2. Third Party Cookies: These are the cookies
that websites store to know about your
search history and web browsing history so
as to place advertisements as per your
interests.
(c) HTTP Referrer : when you click a link,
your browser loads the web page linked to
it and tells the website here you came
from, it is called HTTP referrer.
(b)Super Cookies : these are also cookies
but these are persistent cookies. i.e. they
come back even after you delete them.
They store data in multiple places like in
flash cookies, Silverlight storage, your
browsing history and HTML local storage
etc.
(c)User Agent : your browser also sends a
user agent every time you connect to a
website. This tells websites your browser
and operating system, providing another
piece of data that can be stored and used
to target ads.
All the above things leak your identity
information to websites and it may be used
against you. Solution to this is Private
browsing and Anonymous browsing.
 Private Browsing And Anonymous
Browsing
• Anonymous browsers allow users to view websites without
revealing personal information of user.
• It can be sued as a tool for governments, journalists and every
security conscious surfers.
• A popular solution to this is- Private Browsing.
• Incognito browsing open up a version of the browser that will not
track your activity.it is particularly useful if you are entering sensitive
data like bank details into your browser.
• Proxy works as a middleman between your computer and the
website you want to access. Now the tracking website will get the IP
address of proxy site.
• Virtual Private Network (VPN) this is a method to add security and
privacy to private and public networks, like WiFi hotspots and
Internet. It is originally meant for business employees working
offsite to gain access to shared drives or networks.
 Confidentiality of
Information
• Confidentiality of Information ensures that only authorized users
get access to sensitive and protected data. Best practices used
to ensure confidentiality are-
1. Use of Firewall.
2. Control browser settings to block Tracking.
3.Browse Privately.
4. Be careful while posting on Internet.
5. Ensure safe sites while entering crucial
information.

Carefully check this.

 Confidentiality of
6.
Information
Carefully handle emails.
7. Do not give sensitive information on Wireless.
8. Avoid using Public computers.
9. While using public computers don’t forget to delete history
and cookies.
10. Use Virtual keyboards to input login and Passwords.
11. Don’t save your personal information.
12. Don’t leave your computer unattended.
13. Disable the feature that stores passwords.
 CYBERCRIM
• Any criminal offense that is facilitated by, or involves the use of, electronic
E
communication or information systems, including any electronic device,
computer, or the internet is referred to as Cybercrime.
• Some common Cybercrimes are-
1. Cyber Trolls and Bullying:
2. Cyber Bullying
3. Cyber Stalking (Online Harassment)
4. Spreading Rumours Online
5. Unethical hacking
6. Stealing information etc.
• Reporting Cybercrime : One must report it firstly to parents, school
authorities and then to police.
• The procedure for reporting cybercrime is more or less the same as
for reporting any other kind of offence.
• The local police stations can be approached for filling complaints.
• Mot of the states have facility of E-FIR.
• Ministry of Home Affairs is also launching a website for registering
crime against women and children online including Cybercrime.
 COMMON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES
• A Social networking site is a web application or online platform
where people can setup their public profile and make
connections with other online people called online friends.
• Some popular social networking sites are-
• Facebook: it is a platform where you can share your ideas in the
form of posts, photos, videos etc.
• Twitter: it is a micro blogging site which allows to post very small
messages. Earlier limit was 140 characters now extended to 280
characters.
• LinkedIn: it is a social networking site for professional. It provides
features to make profiles like resumes.
• Instagram: it is one of the most popular site for online photo
sharing.

Neha Tyagi, KV 5 Jaipur II Shift

 APPROPRIATE USAGE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES
• Social media is everywhere these days, from personal to
professional front. Social media has made it too difficult to
remain entirely anonymous these days.
• Whatever you do online, leaves a permanent foot print, called
digital foot print.
• Once posted these becomes part of public domain and hence are
visible to anyone who looks for it.
• Thus appropriate usage of Social media is very important and you
must be aware that it may pose problems later if not used
appropriately.
 What you should do on SOCIAL NETWORKING
SITES-
Usage rules
• You should conduct yourself in a responsible way so that you can
enjoy using it.
• Be Authentic.
• Use a Disclaimer.
• Don’t pick fights Online.
• Don’t use fake names or pseudonyms.
• Protect your identity.
• Always take publicity test when post something.
• Respect your audience.
• Respect other's sentiments.
• Monitor comments.