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Lecture 01

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28 views31 pages

Lecture 01

Uploaded by

mequanintmeseret29
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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University of Gondar

Institute of Technology
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical Optics
By: Zarihun Huluka (BSc in Biomedical Engineering, AAU, 2010 E.C)
Chapter 1: Introduction
Objectives
In this chapter, the following main topics will be discussed
• Definition of optics and its applications
• Light-tissue interactions (diagnostic, detection and
manipulation of cells and tissues with light)
• Nature and properties of light
• Geometrical/Instrumental Optics
• Wave/Physical Optics
1.1 Fundamental Principles
Definition of optics
• Optics is a branch of physics that deals with the generation,
transmission and detection of optical wave.
• Optical wave is part of the electromagnetic wave having wavelengths
longer than x-rays and shorter than microwaves.
• Optical Engineers uses the principles of optics to design and
develop optical components and optical instruments for
various applications.
General applications of Optics/Photonics
a) Telecommunication
• Transmitting information from one place to another by
sending light pulses through an optical fiber
• Today, virtually all long distance communications is carried
over the installed fiber optic network, replacing copper cables
and satellites
b) Energy
• Photovoltaic cells - for generating electricity from light
• Today, up to 550 MW is technologically possible from a
single photovoltaic power station
c) Consumer Electronics
Home
- Energy-saving fluorescent lamps
- Infrared remote controls
- TV flat panel / large screen
- Optical fibers for cable TV
- Compact disc players
- IR motion sensors for home security
- Video disk players
- Alarm clock radio with LED display
- Infrared remote headphones
Office
- Optical scanners
- Fax machines
- Optical fiber telephone cables
- Optical data storage
- Laser printers
- Photocopiers
- Overhead slide projectors
- Video teleconferences
- Laser pointers
- Computer displays
- Infrared remote connections
d) Astronomy
Telescopes
e) Business Centers (like stores)
• Barcode reader, etc
f) Manufacturing
• Laser welding and cutting
• Optical inspection of labeling and packaging
• Machine vision, etc
g) Transportation
Car
• Infrared security systems
• Optical monitors for antilock brakes
• Laser traffic radar
• Solar-powered emergency services, etc
h) Defense
i) Public Security
j) Biomedical Applications of Optics ( *)
1. Diagnostic application – Determining diseases
2. Therapeutic application – Treating diseases
When light and tissue interact, one can affect the other:
i) Where tissue affects light
• Used for diagnostic applications (Imaging and monitoring)
ii) Where light affects tissue
• Used for therapeutic applications (Cutting, coagulating, etc)
1. Diagnostic Application
i) Biomedical Optical Imaging
a) Light Microscope
Applications of Light Microscopy
b) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) – Analogues to Ultrasound
• Mostly used in Ophthalmology for imaging the various parts
of the human eye non-invasively.
1.2 Optical Biosensing and Monitoring
• Clinical monitoring
- The concentration of oxygen ( Pulse Oximeter)
- The blood flow (Laser Doppler Flowmetry, LDF)
- The level of glucose (Glucose meter)
• Counter-terrorism (to detect toxins, bacteria, viruses)
• Clinical monitoring
Ex. Measuring the concentration of oxygen (Pulse Oximeter)
2. Therapeutic Application
• For this purpose, laser light is often used
a) Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
• For superficial cancer treatment
b) Photocoagulation (thermal effect)
• Based on selective photon absorption
c) Refractive error correction (LASIK)
• Photoablation
Thank you!

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