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Spatial and Multidimensional Database

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PRATIKSHA RAI
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17 views8 pages

Spatial and Multidimensional Database

Uploaded by

PRATIKSHA RAI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Spatial and

Multidimensional
Database
Need of Spatial database ?
• Till now we have studied relation database.
• Example 1:- Suppose, We want to find out the name students having
more than 80%
• Query :- Select * from students where percentage_marks > 80
• Example 2:- Suppose, We want to find the nearest petrol pump to cuh
• Example 3:- list of schools within 5 km range of CUH
• Above two examples are difficult to calculate using RDBMS
Spatial Database ?
• It is a database used for storing/quering spatial data or objects in
geometric space
• Spatial databases are designed to handle spatial data types and
queries, which allows users to perform spatial transactions
• Few examples of Spatial Database:- Oracle Spatial, PostGIS, SAP HANA
etc.
Spatial Data types
1. Geographic Data :- road maps, political maps, land ownership maps,
satellite images and so on. GIS (Geographic information systems)
are special-purpose database for storing geographic data
2. Computer-aided-design(CAD) data:- It includes information about
how objects such as buildings, cars, aircraft are constructed.
Applications of Geographic data
• Online map service:- zoom in and zoom out for more relevant
information. Users can query like hotels, gas station, restaurants.
• GPS(global positioning unit):- way to find the current location in
vehicles
Representation of Geographic data
1. Raster data:- It is often represented as tiles. Each tile covering a fixed
sized area. A larger area can be displayed by all tiles. On each different
tiles or set by zoom levels, a separate information is retrieved and
displayed.
++ zoom in
-- zoom out
2. Vector data:-
• Point data:- zero dimension, specific location . Eg Bus stop
• Line data:- It has starting point and end point. Eg. Roads, rivers
Representation of Geographic data
• Polygon data:- zone, parks, grounds.
Spatial Queries
• Nearness queries:- Objects that lie near a specific location
Example:- find all the restaurants nearby cuh

• Region query:- it deals with spatial regions


Example:- find all retail shops in mahendergarh district

• Intersection and Unions:-


Example:- Find all regions with low annual rain fall as well as high
population density

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