What is Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates

information, or data. It has the ability to store,
retrieve, and process data.we already know that we
can use a computer to type documents, send email,
play games, and browse the Web.We can also use it to
edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even
videos.
 What is Data And Information?
• Data:- Data is a collection of raw, unorganised facts and details like
text, observations, figures, symbols and descriptions of things etc.
• Information:-Information is processed, organised and structured
data. It provides context for data and enables decision making.
 Uses Of Computer?
• A computer helps you to type a document.
• A computer helps you to listen to music.
• A computer helps you to use the internet.
• A computer helps you to send e-mail.
• A computer helps you to play games.
• A computer helps you to watch a movie.
• A computer helps you to chat with a friend.
• A computer helps you to draw a picture.
 Types Of Computer?
• There are two bases on which we can define the types of computers. We will discuss the type of
computers on the basis of size and data handling capabilities. We will discuss each type of computer in
detail. Let’s see first what are the types of computers.

• Super Computer
• Mainframe computer
• Mini Computer
• Workstation Computer
• Personal Computer (PC)
• Server Computer
• Analog Computer
• Digital Computer
• Hybrid Computer
• Tablets and Smartphone
Block diagram of Compter?
 Generation Of Computer?
• First Generation (1940s – 1956s):-The technology behind the primary generation computers
was a fragile glass device, which was called a vacuum tube.Punch cards were used for improving the
information for external storage. Magnetic card used . Machine and assembly language is developed.
• Second Generation (1956s-1963s):-The second generation computers were developed by
using transistor technology.In comparison to the first generation, the size of second generation was
smaller.In comparison to computers of the first generation, the computing time taken by the computers of
the second generation was lesser.
• Third Generation(1963s-1971s):-The third generation computers were developed by using
the Integrated Circuit (IC) technology.In comparison to the computers of the second generation, the size of
the computers of the third generation was smaller.
• Fourth Generation(1971s-2010s):-The fourth generation computers were developed by
using microprocessor technology.By coming to fourth generation, computer became very small in size, it
became portable.It is much faster and accuracy became more reliable.
• Fifth Generation(2010s-Till Date):-By the time, the computer generation was being
categorized on the basis of hardware only, but the fifth generation technology also included software.The
computers of the fifth generation had high capability and large memory capacity.Some of the popular
advanced technologies of the fifth generation include Artificial intelligence, Quantum computation,
Nanotechnology, Parallel processing, etc.
 Characteristics Of
Computer?
• Speed:-A computer works with much higher speed and accuracy compared to humans while performing
mathematical calculations. Computers can process millions (1,000,000) of instructions per second. The time
taken by computers for their operations is microseconds and nanoseconds.
• Accuracy:-Computers perform calculations with 100% accuracy. Errors may occur due to data
inconsistency or inaccuracy
• Diligence:-A computer can perform millions of tasks or calculations with the same consistency and
accuracy. It doesn’t feel any fatigue or lack of concentration. Its memory also makes it superior to that of
human beings.
• Versatility:-Versatility refers to the capability of a computer to perform different kinds of works with
same accuracy and efficiency.
• Reliability:-A computer is reliable as it gives consistent result for similar set of data i.e., if we give same
set of input any number of times, we will get the same result.
• Memory:-A computer has built-in memory called primary memory where it stores data. Secondary
storage are removable devices such as CDs, pen drives, etc., which are also used to store data.
 Components Of Computer?
Components of a computer system are the primary elements which
make the functioning of an electronic device smooth and faster. There
are five basic components which include:

• Input Unit
• Output Unit
• Memory Unit
• Control Unit
• Arithmetical and Logical Unit
 What is Hardware?
• Computer hardware is a collective term used to describe any of the
physical components of an analog or digital computer. The term
hardware distinguishes the tangible aspects of a computing device
from software, which consists of written, machine-readable
instructions or programs that tell physical components what to do and
when to execute the instructions.Hardware and software are
complementary. A computing device can function efficiently and
produce useful output only when both hardware and software work
together appropriately.
 Input devices
• Input device enables the user to send data, information, or control signals to a
computer. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer receives the input
and processes it to produce the output.
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Joystick
• Light Pen
• Microphone
• Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
• Touch Pad
• Remote
• Touch screen
• Biometric Devices
 Output Devices
• An output device is a computer hardware device that retrieves and presents the result of the
inserted input data from the computer system and further translates that data into human-
understandable language.
• Examples of Output Devices are-
• Monitor
• Printer
• Speakers
• Headphones
• Projector
• GPS
• Plotter
• Braille Embosser
• Haptic Devices
• 3D Printer
 What is Memory?
Computer memory is just like the human brain. It is used to store
data/information and instructions. It is a data storage unit or a data
storage device where data is to be processed and instructions required
for processing are stored. It can store both the input and output can be
stored here.
Characteristics of Computer Memory
• It is faster computer memory as compared to secondary memory.
• It is semiconductor memories.
• It is usually a volatile memory, and main memory of the computer.
• A computer system cannot run without primary memory.
 Storage Devices
The storage unit is a part of the computer system which is employed to
store the information and instructions to be processed. A storage
device is an integral part of the computer hardware which stores
information/data to process the result of any computational work.
Types of Computer Memory
• Primary Memory
• Secondary Memory
• Tertiary Memory
 Introduction To MS.Office
• Microsoft Office (or simply Office) is a family of server software, and services
developedby Microsoft. It was first announced by Bill Gates on August 1, 1988, in Las
Vegas. The first version of Office contained Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and
Microsoft PowerPoint. Over the years, Office applications have grown substantially
closer with shared features such as a common spell checker, data integration etc. Office
is produced in several versions targeted towards different end-users and computing
environments. The original, and most widely used version, is the desktop version,
available for PCs running the Windows, Linux and Mac OS operating systems. Office
Online is a version of the software that runs within a web browser, while Microsoft also
maintains Office apps for Android and iOS.Microsoft Office is a suite of desktop
productivity applications that is designed specifically to be used for office or business
use. It is a proprietary product of Microsoft Corporation and was first released in 1990.
Microsoft Office is available in 35 different languages and is supported by Windows, Mac
and most Linux variants. It mainly consists of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, OneNote,
Outlook and Publisher applications.
 Introduction To MS.Word
• Microsoft word is a word processor software developed by Microsoft in
1983. It is the most commonly used word processor software. It is used to
create professional quality documents, letters, reports, resumes, etc and
also allows you to edit or modify your new or existing document. The file
saved in Ms Word has .docx extension. It is a component of the Microsoft
Office suite, but you can buy it separately and is available for both Windows
and macOS.
Features of MS Word:-
Using these features, you can perform different types of operations on your
documents, like you can create, delete, style, modify, or view the content of
your document.
 Features Of MS.Word
• Fast Typing: Text in a word processor becomes fast since there is no associated mechanical carriage movement.
• Editing functions: Any type of correction (insert, delete, change, etc.) can be easily done as and on demand.
• Permanent storage: Documents can be stored indefinitely. The saved document can be called up at any time.
• Formatting functions: Entered text can be created in any form and style (bold, italic, underline, different fonts,
etc.). Graphics Provides the ability to insert drawings into documents, making them more useful.
• OLE (Object Linking and Embedding): OLE is a program integration technology used to exchange information
between programs about objects. Objects are entities stored as graphs, equations, video clips, audio clips,
images, and so on.
• Alignment: You can align your text as you like, for example, left, right, or centered. You can even make a box set,
i.e, aligned from both sides.
• Delete errors: You can remove a word, line, or paragraph from a stroke, and the rest of the subject will appear
automatically.
• Line Spacing: You can set the line spacing from one to nine according to your preference.
• Move-in Cursor: You can move the cursor from one word to another or from one paragraph to another as
needed.
• Naming a Document: You can name a document and retrieve it from your hard drive at any
time for editing, updating, correction, and even for printing.
• Page break: You can set a page break at any point in the text so that the next page is printed
when printing.
• Search and Replace: You can search for a specific word in the entire document and replace it
with another word.
• Thesaurus: you can exchange a word with one of its synonyms. This way you can avoid the
repetition of a single word in a document and add beauty to the language.
• Indentation: Refers to the space between the text boundaries and the margins of the page.
There are three types of indents: positive, negative, and hanging.
• Header and footer: A header or footer is text or a graphic, such as a page number, a date, or a
company logo, that is typically printed at the top or bottom of each page of a document.
• Page orientation: Refers to whether the text is printed lengthways or across. Above the printed
side is called PORTRAIT and the side printed across is called LANDSCAPE.
• Spell Checker: Not only can it check spelling mistakes, but it can also suggest possible
alternatives for misspelled words
• Mail Merge: This is a function that allows you to print a large number of letters/documents
with more or less similar texts.
 Introduction To MS.Excel
• MS-EXCEL is a part of Microsoft Office suite software. It is an electronic
spreadsheet with numerous rows and columns, used for organizing data,
graphically representing data(s), and performing different calculations. It
consists of 1048576 rows and 16384 columns, a row and column together
make a cell. Each cell has an address defined by column name and row
number example A1, D2, etc. This is also known as a cell reference.Microsoft
Excel is a software application designed for creating tables to input and
organize data. It provides a user-friendly way to analyze and work with data.
 Introduction To MS.PowerPoint
• PowerPoint is a software that is designed to make graphical presentations in
the form of individual pages also known as slides.Microsoft PowerPoint is
essentially a graphics presentation software application that comes in the
same package of software as MS Access, MS Excel, MS Word, and MS Paint,
issued by Microsoft Office. It is a software that helps the user in formulating
and arranging their data and information in the form of slides, which enhances
the clarity and communication of the subject, along with adding a visual aspect
to the data which makes it more appealing and presentable. Thus, it can be
used for presenting business ideas and plans, and visually presenting the data
also makes learning with the data a lot easier, thus can be used by teachers in
schools for making learning fun and uncomplicated.