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Analog Transmission - Part1

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Chander Thukral
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6 views12 pages

Analog Transmission - Part1

Uploaded by

Chander Thukral
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 5

Analog Transmission

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
5.1
5-2 ANALOG AND DIGITAL

Analog-to-analog conversion is the representation of


analog information by an analog signal. One may ask
why we need to modulate an analog signal; it is
already analog. Modulation is needed if the medium is
bandpass in nature or if only a bandpass channel is
available to us.
Topics discussed in this section:
 Amplitude Modulation
 Frequency Modulation
 Phase Modulation

5.2
Figure 5.15 Types of analog-to-analog modulation

5.3
Amplitude Modulation
 A carrier signal is modulated only in
amplitude value
 The modulating signal is the envelope
of the carrier
 The required bandwidth is 2B, where B
is the bandwidth of the modulating
signal
 Since on both sides of the carrier
freq. fc, the spectrum is identical, we
can discard one half, thus requiring a
smaller bandwidth for transmission.

5.4
Figure 5.16 Amplitude modulation

5.5
Note

The total bandwidth required for AM


can be determined
from the bandwidth of the audio
signal: BAM = 2B.

5.6
Frequency Modulation
 The modulating signal changes
the freq. fc of the carrier
signal
 The bandwidth for FM is high
 It is approx. 10x the signal
frequency

5.7
Note

The total bandwidth required for FM can


be determined from the bandwidth
of the audio signal: BFM = 2(1 + β)B.
Where  is usually 4.

5.8
Figure 5.18 Frequency modulation

5.9
Phase Modulation (PM)
 The modulating signal only changes
the phase of the carrier signal.
 The phase change manifests itself
as a frequency change but the
instantaneous frequency change is
proportional to the derivative of
the amplitude.
 The bandwidth is higher than for
AM.

5.10
Figure 5.20 Phase modulation

5.11
Note

The total bandwidth required for PM can


be determined from the bandwidth
and maximum amplitude of the
modulating signal:
BPM = 2(1 + β)B.
Where  = 2 most often.

5.12

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