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Introduction

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14 views17 pages

Introduction

Uploaded by

aminasafrin23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Fundamentals, Internet & MS Office

Introduction
• The word computer comes from the word “compute”
which means to calculate.
• Computer is an Electronic device capable of
accepting the data through the input device, process
the data and produce the result to the output world.
• Converts data into information.
• Computer is also called data processor because it can
store, process and retrieve data whenever desired.
• Modern computers are digital
– Computers that work by using numbers
– Two digits combine to make data (0, 1)
• The activity of processing data using computer is
called data processing.
• Data is raw material used as input and information
is processed data obtained as output of data
processing.
Parts of a Computer System

• A complete computer system includes four distinct


parts:
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• User
A computer's hardware consists of electronic
devices; the parts you can see and touch.
The mechanical device that makeup the computer
are called hardware.
The term "device" refers to any piece of hardware
used by the computer, such as a keyboard,
monitor, modem, mouse, etc.
Software – also called programs – consists of
organized sets of instructions for controlling the
computer.

Some programs exist for the computer's use, to


help to manage its own tasks and devices.

Other programs exist for the user, and enable the


computer to perform tasks for you, such as
creating documents.
Data consists of raw facts, which the computer
can manipulate and process into information that
is useful to people.
Computerized data is digital, meaning that it has
been reduced to digits, or numbers. The computer
stores and reads all data as numbers.
Although computers use data in digital form, they
convert data into forms that people can
understand, such as text, numerals, sounds, and
images.
History of Development of Computers
• Early humans counted on their fingers- Evolution of base
10 numbering system.
• 3000 years ago- the first calculating mechanism ABACUS
was invented.
• Beads represent digits
• Rods represent places- units, tens, hundreds and higher
multiples of ten.
• In 1617 – John Napier invented a machine consisted of a
set of numbered rods for doing multiplications. Each rod
contained digits from 1 to 9.
• In 1642- Blaise Pascal invented Pascaline, the first
mechanical calculating machine.
• This machine had a number of teeth and wheels connected
together by chains.
• Numbers were fed in to the machine by dialing them on the
wheels. It could add and do multiplications.
• In 1671- Gottfried Leibrietzi modified or improved the
Pascals machine called Step Reckoner.
• It could add, subtract, multiply, divide and evaluate square
root.
• Charles Babbage known as
the Father of Computers
designed a Difference
Engine in 1822.
• In 1832 he designed
Analytical Engine with an
automatic computing
mechanism.
• This machine could store
data in memory, which
became the base of
Modern Computers.
• Herman Hollerith- in 1890 invented a Tabulating Machine
by using punch cards for the census in USA.
• The cards used to have holes for different answers
• When these cards passed through this machine, the
machine could detect holes on cards, recognize numbers
and it would make required calculations.
• During Second world war, Computers were utilized in
military operations for decoding secret messages and
creating designs for aircrafts.(1930-1939)
• They were nick named as Z1 and Z2 machines.
• In 1940 IBM had made a computer and named it Harvard
Mark-I.
• It worked electro mechanically without any manual efforts.
• It was a first computer and was also called Automatic
Sequence Controlled Computer(ASCC)
• Alan Turing worked on colossus computer in 1943.
• Used in world war II for cracking German codes
• In 1946, ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator) computer was developed John Mauchly and
Presper Eckert.
• This was the first electronic computer to go into operation
• EDVAC – John Von Neumann- Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer was the next series
• This was the first electronic computer to use the stored
program concept.
• Based on his concept, all computers process data by
carrying out four specific activities
– Input data
– Store Data
– Process Data
– Output Data
• This initiated the modern computer era

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