PROBLEM SOLVING
METHODS & LEARNING
PROBLEM SOLVING
DEFINITION
- a method which provides
opportunity to the students for
analyzing & solving a problem on the
basis of previous stock of their
knowledge enriched with present
means available to them.
STEPS OF PROBLEM
SOLVING TEACHING
1. Confrontation with the problem.
2. Describing & understanding the problem.
3. Gathering relevant information / data.
4. Analyzing the collected data.
5. Formulation of hypothesis.
6. Selection & testing of hypothesis.
7. Application of accepted hypothesis.
APPROACHES
INDUCTIVE APPROACH –
finding the conclusion & formulate the
generalization.
MERITS –
easy to understand.
logical method
gives opportunity of active participation to
the students
based on actual observation,
thinking & experimentation.
DEMERITS OF INDUCTIVE
APPROACH
It contains the process of discovering
the formula with the help of sufficient
no. of cases, but what next is not
provide
not absolutely conclusive
laborious & time consuming approach.
DEDUCTIVE APPROACH
Proceeding from general to
particular, abstract to concrete
& formula to example.
MERIT OF DEDUCTIVE
APPROACH
Short, time saving & mostly preferred
method
Glorifies the memories of students.
Adequate & advantageous during practice &
revision
Enhance speed & efficiency.
Combines with the inductive method to
remove the incompleteness.
DEMERITS OF DEDUCTIVE
APPROACH
Difficult to understand for a beginner.
Pure deductive requires a formula for every
type of problem.
Students can not become active learner.
Memory is more important the
understanding.
Forgot ness of memorized formula due to
cramming.
ANALYTIC APPROACH
Process of unfolding of problem or conducting its
operation to know its hidden aspects.
MERITS
Logical leaves no doubts.
Suitable for understanding & discovery.
Having proper reasoning & justification.
Students are through with every step .
DEMERITS OF ANALYTIC
APPROACH
Lengthy.
Difficultto acquire efficiency &
speed.
May not be applicable to all the
topics.
SYNTHETIC METHOD
Proceed from known to unknown.
MERITS –
Helps to retain the knowledge in memory.
Forms the follow up work.
DEMERITS
Students are just like a man being led
blind fold to the desired goal.
MERITS OF PROBLEM SOLVING
METHOD
Makes the students to feel confident.
Provides the opportunities for the
development of cognitive abilities of the
students.
Provides training in analyzing as well as
solving the new problems.
Makes the students self reliant.
Student centered approach.
.
MERITS OF PROBLEM SOLVING
METHOD . cont
Makes the task of learning quite
absorbing, interesting & purposeful &
tolerance.
Problem can be adjusted to group as well
as individual.
The problem furnishes a natural objective.
Good & cordial relationship b/n teacher &
students are established.
DEMERITS OF PROBLEM
SOLVING METHOD
1. Becomes monotonous if used too
frequently.
2. Students can start over estimating
themselves.
3. Difficult to utilize for deriving specific
educational purposes.
4. Difficulty in the selection of hypothesis.
5. Effective only on small no. of students.
6. Requirement of capable teachers to avoid
desertification on the part of the students.
