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Lec 2 Computer Systems

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26 views6 pages

Lec 2 Computer Systems

Uploaded by

engrbushra3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Systems

And Components
COMPUTER SYSTEM:

Definition: Is a collection of entities(hardware, software and live ware) that are designed
to receive, process, manage and present information in a meaningful format.

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:

Computer hardware - Are physical parts/ intangible parts of a computer. e.g. Input
devices, output devices, central processing unit and storage devices

•Computer software - also known as programs or applications. They are classified into
two classes namely - system software and application software

•Live ware - is the computer user. Also kwon as orgwareor the human ware. The user
commands the computer system to execute on instructions.
a) COMPUTER HARDWARE
Hardware refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment and devices, which provide
support for major functions such as input, processing (internal storage, computation and control),
output, secondary storage (for data and programs), and communication.
HARDWARE CATEGORIES (Functional Parts):

A computer system is a set of integrated devices that input, output, process, and store
data and information. Computer systems are currently built around at least one digital
processing device. There are five main hardware components in a computer system: Input,
Processing, Storage, Output and Communication devices.

1.INPUT DEVICES
Are devices used for entering data or instructions to the central processing unit. Are
classified according to the method they use to enter data.
a) KEYING DEVICES

Are devices used to enter data into the computer using a set of Keys eg
Keyboard.

i) The keyboard

Keyboard (similar to a typewriter) is the main input device of a computer . It contains three
types of keys-- alphanumeric keys, special keys and function keys. Alphanumeric
keys are used to type all alphabets, numbers and special symbols like $, %, @, A
etc. Special keys such as <Shift>, <Ctrl>, <Alt>, <Home>, <Scroll Lock> etc. are used
for special functions. Function keys such as <Fl>, <F2>, <F3> etc. are used to give
special commands depending upon the software used e.g.F5 reloads a page of an internet
browser. The function of each and every key can be well understood only after working on
How the keys are organized

The keys on your keyboard can be divided into several


groups based on function:

•Typing (alphanumeric) keys. These keys include the


•same letter, number, punctuation, and symbol keys found on a traditional typewriter.

•Special (Control) keys. These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform
certain actions. The most frequently used control keys are CTRL, ALT, the Windows key, and ESC.

•Function keys. The function keys are used to perform specific tasks. They are labelled as F1, F2,
F3, and so on, up to F12. The functionality of these keys differs from program to program.

•Cursor Movement (Navigation) keys. These keys are used for moving around in documents or
WebPages and editing text. They include the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN,
DELETE, and INSERT and ARROW KEYS.

•Numeric keypad. The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers quickly. The keys are
grouped together in a block like a conventional calculator or adding machine.
B. POINTING DEVICES:

Are devices that enter data and instructions into the computer using a pointer that
appears on the screen. The items to be entered are selected by either pointing to or
clicking on them.e.g mice, joystick, touch sensitive screen, trackballs.

i) THE MOUSE
A mouse is a small device used to point to and select items on your
computer screen. Although mice come in many shapes, the typical
mouse does look a bit like an actual mouse. It's small and connected
to the system unit by a long wire that resembles a tail and the
connector which can either be PS/2 or USB. Some newer mice are
wireless.
A mouse usually has two buttons: a primary button (usually the left
button) and a secondary button. Many mice also have a wheel
between the two buttons, which allows you to scroll smoothly through
screens of information.
When you move the mouse with your hand, a pointer on your screen
moves in the same direction. (The pointer's appearance might change
depending on where it's positioned on your screen.) When you want to
select an item, you point to the item and then click (press and
release) the primary button. Pointing and clicking with your mouse is
the main way to interact with your computer. There are several types

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