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Lecture-02-write

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Mohammad Rifas Musaraf
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18 views9 pages

Lecture-02-write

Uploaded by

Mohammad Rifas Musaraf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Character Representation

• Any text-based data is stored by the computer


in the form of bits(a series of 1s and 0s)
• The combinations of 0s and 1s used to
represent data are defined by patterns called
coding schemes
– BCD
– ASCII
– Extended ASCII
– EBCDIC
– Unicode
BCD (Binary Coded Decimal)
• BCD uses 6 bits and can represent 26 =64 characters
Example
• 709310 = ? (in BCD)
7 0 9 3

0111 0000 1001 0011


ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Exchange)
• Uses 7 bits and can represent 27 =128
characters
• Starts from (ANSI) AMERICAN NATIONAL
STANDARD INSTITUTE
• Assigns standard numeric values to letters,
numerals, punctuation marks, and other
characters used in computers
• Every character is a unique ASCII code.
• The ASCII code for an uppercase A is 1000001.
Extended ASCII

• Uses 8 bits and can represent 28 =256 characters


• Extended version of ASCII
• Uses 8 bits for each character
• Introduced by IBM in 1981 for use in its first PC
• Extended ASCII represents the uppercase letter
A as 01000001.
• Does not include enough code combinations to
support all written languages.
EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
)
• Extended BCD Interchange Code (pronounced ebb’-se-dick)
• 8-bit code
• Developed by IBM
• Rarely used today
• IBM mainframes only
Unicode
• Unicode is a Universal Encoding System (UES)
• Uses sixteen bits and provides codes or 65,000 characters.
• Can support all the written languages
• Most common character-encoding system on the World Wide
Web
• Unicode assigns code to every character
• The code is an integer value.
Example
• You can refer character map to see all the code for characters.
• For example the code point of a (Latin small letter)
is 0061 or U+0061.
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