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Unit Circle

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Crystina Hwang
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8 views

Unit Circle

Uploaded by

Crystina Hwang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT CIRCLE

- Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the


linear and angular measures of a central angle in a unit
circle.
- Convert degree measure to radian measure and vice
versa.
- Illustrate angles in standard position and coterminal
angles.
UNIT CIRCLE
A unit circle is a circle whose center is at the origin of the
rectangular coordinate system and whose radius is 1 unit.
The unit circle has the equation . Because the radius of a
unit circle is 1 unit, then its circumference is given by .
Any point on the circumference of the circle can be
described by an ordered pair .

2
Angles () and Points in the 4 Quadrants

3
Angles in Coordinate Plane
In trigonometry, angles are placed on coordinate axes. The
vertex is always placed at the origin and one ray is always
placed on the positive x-axis. This ray is called the initial side
of the angle. The other ray is called the terminal side of the
angle. This positioning of an angle is called standard position.
The Greek letter theta (θ) is often used to represent an angle
measure. Two angles in standard position are shown below.
If an angle is formed by a counterclockwise rotation, its measure is
positive. If an angle is formed by a clockwise rotation, its measure is
negative.
One unit of angle measure is the degree. One full counterclockwise
rotation measures (360 degrees), and one full clockwise rotation
measures . 5
Example 1: Convert the following angles to degrees, minutes,
and seconds.
a. b. c.
Example 2: Convert the following angles to single degree.
a. b. c.
6
Example 3: Find the degree measure of the
angle that takes rotation in clockwise
direction.
Angles in Degrees and Radians
If we fix a line of length r at one end,
and rotate it about this point, we
sweep out a curve. This curve will
have a length, called the (circular)
arc length, s. The central angle is a
measure of how much we have
rotated the line, or you can think of it
as the angle between the original
straight line and the final straight
line. 8
Definition: A central angle has a
measure of 1 radian if it intercepts
an arc with the same length as the
radius.
Since a unit circle has circumference
2𝜋, a central angle that measures
360º has measure equivalent to 2𝜋
radians. Thus, we obtain the
following conversion rules.
Basic relation:
9
Converting degree to radian, and vice versa.
1. To convert a degree measure to radian, multiply it by .
2. To convert a radian measure to degree, multiply it by .
Example 4: Convert the following degree measures to radians,
sketch the graph, and determine the which quadrant it lies.
a. b. c.
Example 5: Convert the following radian measures to degrees,
sketch the graph, and determine the which quadrant it lies.
a. b. c.
10
ACTIVITY #1: UNIT CIRCLE (Special
Angles)
Directions: Give the degree/radian measure of the
following special angles.

11
12
COTERMINAL ANGLES AND
REFERENCE ANGLES
Two angles in the standard position that have the same
terminal side are called coterminal (.
Example 6: Find two positive angles that are
coterminal with an angle that measures .
Example 7: Find two negative angles that are
coterminal with an angle that measures .
Reference angle is the acute angle formed by the terminal side
of a given angle in the standard position and the x-axis.
Counterclockwise Direction: Clockwise Direction:
For 1st Quadrant, the For 4th Quadrant, the
reference angle is the given reference angle is the given
angle. angle.
For 2nd and 3rd Quadrant, the For 3rd and 2nd Quadrant,
reference angle is . the reference angle is .
For 4th Quadrant, the For 1st Quadrant, the
reference angle is . reference angle is . 14
Example 8: Sketch the graph and find the
reference angle of the following angles.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
15
ARC LENGTH AND AREA OF A SECTOR
In a circle of radius , the length of an arc intercepted
by a central angle with measure radians is given by .
Example 9: Find the length of an arc of a circle with
radius that subtends a central angle of .
Example 10: A central angle in a circle of radius is
subtended by an arc of length . Find the measure of in
radians.
In a circle of radius , the area of a sector with a central
angle measuring radians is .

Example 11: Find the area of a sector of a circle


with central angle if the radius of the circle is .
Example 12: A sprinkler on a golf course fairway
is set to spray water over a distance of and rotates
through an angle of . Find the area of the fairway
watered by the sprinkler. 17

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