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Operating System Presentation

operating system introduction

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views18 pages

Operating System Presentation

operating system introduction

Uploaded by

sabdulhadi036
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Badakhshan University

Computer Science Faculty


Information technology Department

Title: System call

Instructor teacher : Assist professor lecturer Nasrullah “Rahimi”.


Group partners: Baz Muhammad, salman khan, Haseebullah. 1

Designed by: Ahmad bilal “Omarzai”.


Touchscreen Interfaces

• Touchscreen devices require new interfaces


• Mouse not possible or not desired
• Actions and selection based on gestures
• Virtual keyboard for text entry
• Voice commands.

2
System Calls

• System calls provide an interface between a user program and


operating system.
• System call exposes the services offered by the operating system
to user programs.
• These services are set of functions / methods
• A system call is the fundamental interfaces between a user
space process and the privileged kernel space process.
• In other way, user space(less-privileged) processes invokes
system calls to request kernel space(privileged) to do some task
which the user space process has no permission to do directly by
itself.
3
System Calls (Cont.)

• Typically written in a high-level language (C or C++)


• Mostly accessed by programs via a high-level Application
Programming Interface (API) rather than direct system call use
• Three most common APIs are Win32 API for Windows, POSIX API for
POSIX-based systems (including virtually all versions of UNIX, Linux,
and Mac OS X), and Java API for the Java virtual machine (JVM)
• POSIX: Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)

4
System Calls (Cont.)

• The system calls provide an interface layer contains entry point in kernel
code
• All system resources are managed by the kernel
• Any request from user or application that involves access to any system
resources must be handled by kernel code
• The user process must not be given open access to kernel code for security
reason.
• Many opening into kernel code called system calls are provided to user s
that the user processes can invoke the execution of kernel code

5
System Calls (Cont.)

• System calls allow processes and users to manipulate system resources


• There are three general methods that are used to pass information
(parameters) between a running program and the operating system
• One method is to store parameters in registers
• Another is to store parameters in a table in memory and pass the
address of table
• the third method is to push parameters on stack and allow operating
system to pop the parameters off the stack

6
Example of System Calls
• System call sequence to copy the contents of one file to
another file

7
API – System Call – OS Relationship

9
Main Types of System Calls

• Process control
These types of system calls are used to control the processes
• create process, terminate process
• end, abort
• load, execute
• get process attributes, set process attributes
• wait for time
• wait event, signal event
• allocate and free memory
• Dump memory if error
• Debugger for determining bugs, single step execution
• Locks for managing access to shared data between processes

10
Types of System Calls
• File management
Used to manage filles
• create file, delete file
• open, close file
• read, write, reposition
• get and set file attributes
• Device management
used to manage devices
• request device, release device
• read, write, reposition
• get device attributes, set device attributes
• logically attach or detach devices 11
Types of System Calls (Cont.)
• Information maintenance
Used to maintain information
• get time or date, set time or date
• get system data, set system data
• get and set process, file, or device attributes

• Communications
used to for communication
• create, delete communication connection
• send, receive messages if message passing model to host name or process
name
• From client to server

• transfer status information


• attach and detach remote devices
12
Types of System Calls (Cont.)

• Protection
• Control access to resources
• Get and set permissions
• Allow and deny user access

13
Examples of Windows and Unix
System Calls

14
System Programs
• System programs portion of operating system provide a convenient environment for
program development and execution. They can be divided into:
• File manipulation
• Status information sometimes stored in a File modification
• Programming language support
• Program loading and execution
• Communications
• Background services
• Application programs
• Most users’ view of the operation system is defined by system programs, not the actual
system calls

15
System Programs types

• File management - Create, delete, copy, rename, print, dump, list, and
generally manipulate files and directories
• Status information
• Some ask the system for info - date, time, amount of available memory, disk space,
number of users
• Others provide detailed performance, logging, and debugging information
• Typically, these programs format and print the output to the terminal or other output
devices
• Some systems implement a registry - used to store and retrieve configuration
information

16
System Programs types (Cont.)
• File modification
• Text editors to create and modify files
• Special commands to search contents of files or perform transformations of the text

• Programming-language support - Compilers, assemblers, debuggers and


interpreters sometimes provided
• Program loading and execution- Absolute loaders, relocatable loaders,
linkage editors, and overlay-loaders, debugging systems for higher-level and
machine language
• Communications - Provide the mechanism for creating virtual connections
among processes, users, and computer systems
• Allow users to send messages to one another’s screens, browse web pages, send electronic-
mail messages, log in remotely, transfer files from one machine to another

17
System Programs types (Cont.)
•Background Services
• Launch at boot time
• Some for system startup, then terminate
• Some from system boot to shutdown
• Provide facilities like disk checking, process scheduling, error logging, printing
• Run in user context not kernel context
• Known as services, subsystems, daemons
•Application programs
• Run by users
• Not typically considered part of OS
• Launched by command line, mouse click, finger poke

18
‫!‪• Thanks from your golden Attention‬‬

‫‪‬نظــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــر‬
‫‪‬پیشنهـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــاد‬

‫؟‬
‫‪‬انتقــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــاد‬
‫‪‬ســــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــوال‬

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