Operating System Presentation
Operating System Presentation
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System Calls
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System Calls (Cont.)
• The system calls provide an interface layer contains entry point in kernel
code
• All system resources are managed by the kernel
• Any request from user or application that involves access to any system
resources must be handled by kernel code
• The user process must not be given open access to kernel code for security
reason.
• Many opening into kernel code called system calls are provided to user s
that the user processes can invoke the execution of kernel code
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System Calls (Cont.)
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Example of System Calls
• System call sequence to copy the contents of one file to
another file
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API – System Call – OS Relationship
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Main Types of System Calls
• Process control
These types of system calls are used to control the processes
• create process, terminate process
• end, abort
• load, execute
• get process attributes, set process attributes
• wait for time
• wait event, signal event
• allocate and free memory
• Dump memory if error
• Debugger for determining bugs, single step execution
• Locks for managing access to shared data between processes
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Types of System Calls
• File management
Used to manage filles
• create file, delete file
• open, close file
• read, write, reposition
• get and set file attributes
• Device management
used to manage devices
• request device, release device
• read, write, reposition
• get device attributes, set device attributes
• logically attach or detach devices 11
Types of System Calls (Cont.)
• Information maintenance
Used to maintain information
• get time or date, set time or date
• get system data, set system data
• get and set process, file, or device attributes
• Communications
used to for communication
• create, delete communication connection
• send, receive messages if message passing model to host name or process
name
• From client to server
• Protection
• Control access to resources
• Get and set permissions
• Allow and deny user access
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Examples of Windows and Unix
System Calls
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System Programs
• System programs portion of operating system provide a convenient environment for
program development and execution. They can be divided into:
• File manipulation
• Status information sometimes stored in a File modification
• Programming language support
• Program loading and execution
• Communications
• Background services
• Application programs
• Most users’ view of the operation system is defined by system programs, not the actual
system calls
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System Programs types
• File management - Create, delete, copy, rename, print, dump, list, and
generally manipulate files and directories
• Status information
• Some ask the system for info - date, time, amount of available memory, disk space,
number of users
• Others provide detailed performance, logging, and debugging information
• Typically, these programs format and print the output to the terminal or other output
devices
• Some systems implement a registry - used to store and retrieve configuration
information
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System Programs types (Cont.)
• File modification
• Text editors to create and modify files
• Special commands to search contents of files or perform transformations of the text
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System Programs types (Cont.)
•Background Services
• Launch at boot time
• Some for system startup, then terminate
• Some from system boot to shutdown
• Provide facilities like disk checking, process scheduling, error logging, printing
• Run in user context not kernel context
• Known as services, subsystems, daemons
•Application programs
• Run by users
• Not typically considered part of OS
• Launched by command line, mouse click, finger poke
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!• Thanks from your golden Attention
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