A

Presentation
On
“BUILDING CONSTRUCTION”
Submitted
in partial fulfillment
for the award of Degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Department of Civil Engineering

PRESENTED TO: PRESENTED BY

Mr. Rohit Soni Rajesh Kumar Bunkar
H.O.D, (Civil Department) 22E1SBCEM10P202

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SRI BALAJI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
JAIPUR
 LIST OF CONTENT

• Introduction
• Project Overview
• Site Preparation & Layout
• Foundation Design
• Masonry Work- Framework
• Safety Measures
• Quality Assurance
• Environmental Considerations
• Advanced Tools & Technologies
• Waterproofing Techniques
• Conclusion
• References
 INTRODUCTION

• Building construction is not just about bricks and mortar; it’s about bringing a vision to life. Every
building tells a story—of the challenges overcome, the engineering feats achieved, and the countless
hours of planning and execution.

• In this project, we aim to explore:

1. Foundation Works: The cornerstone of structural stability.

2. Masonry: The craftsmanship that shapes the building's core and aesthetics.

3. The G+5 commercial building in Mansarovar is designed for mixed use, housing offices and retail
spaces. Jaipur's rapid urbanization highlights the importance of such projects, as they not only meet
growing commercial needs but also showcase engineering innovation.
 PROJECT OVERVIEW

• Location: Mansarovar, Jaipur, a hub of modern infrastructure and business.

• Building Specifications:
• G+5 structure with a total area of 40,000 sq. ft.
• Incorporates energy-efficient design principles.
• Challenges:
• High water table requiring robust waterproofing solutions.
• Limited space for material storage and maneuvering heavy equipment.
• The project aimed to balance functionality and sustainability while adhering
to strict timelines. The focus was on innovative techniques to ensure cost-
effectiveness and environmental responsibility.
 SITE PREPARATION AND LAYOUT

• Surveying Techniques:

• Topographical survey to understand the terrain.

• Soil testing to determine load-bearing capacity.

• Land Clearing: Removed vegetation and leveled the ground.

• Boundary Marking: Precision ensured by advanced tools like total stations.

• Details:

• Site preparation was a meticulous process. For instance, soil tests revealed a high water table, prompting
the use of advanced dewatering techniques before laying the foundation. Proper marking prevented
encroachments and ensured the alignment of the structure.
 FOUNDATIONS – PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE

• Foundations form the structural backbone, distributing loads and ensuring stability. For
this G+5 building:

1.Raft Foundation: Chosen due to the high water table.

2.Materials Used: High-grade reinforced concrete (M30) and corrosion-resistant steel.

• Details:
Imagine the foundation as the building’s anchor. Without it, the entire structure would
falter. In our case, the raft foundation was crucial to evenly distribute the load across the
soil, preventing differential settlement.
 FOUNDATION WORK IN DEPTH

1. Excavation: Dug 2.5 meters to create a strong base.

2. Reinforcement: Steel meshes laid to counter tensile stresses.

3. Waterproofing: A key step, as Jaipur's soil has high moisture content.

4. Concreting: High-strength concrete poured in layers for uniformity.

• Details:
Excavation was no easy task. Dewatering pumps ran continuously to
keep the pit dry. Each step in the foundation work was inspected to
ensure the structure would withstand time and environmental challenges.
MASONRY WORK – BUILDING THE FRAMEWORK

• Materials Used:

• Fly ash bricks for their eco-friendliness and strength.

• Cement-sand mortar (1:6 ratio).

• Brick Placement: Carefully aligned using string lines to maintain straight courses.

• Curing: Regular watering ensured the mortar achieved its full strength.

• Details:
Masonry is where the building begins to take shape. Each brick laid tells a story of precision and
craftsmanship. Fly ash bricks not only reduced costs but also aligned with our sustainability goals.
 BRICK BONDING TECHNIQUES

1.Stretcher Bond: Used for non-load-bearing walls.

2.English Bond: Ideal for high-strength walls in the commercial

building.

3.Header Bond: Applied in decorative areas for aesthetics.

• Details
The choice of bonding isn’t arbitrary—it’s tailored to the
structure's requirements. For example, English bonds were crucial
in load-bearing walls to ensure stability and longevity.
 CHALLENGES IN MASONRY WORK

• Material Quality: Ensuring uniformity in brick batches.

• Weather Conditions: Monsoon delays affected curing times.

• Skilled Labor: Training workers in advanced bonding techniques.

• Details:
Every challenge was a learning opportunity. For instance, during a rainy week, covered
scaffolding allowed us to continue work without compromising quality.
 INNOVATIONS IN BRICKWORK

• Prefabricated Panels: Reduced construction time.

• Advanced Mortar Additives: Enhanced bonding strength.

• Automation: Brick-laying robots used in some sections.

• Details:
Automation in construction is a game-changer. It ensures precision, reduces waste, and
speeds up the process, making it a valuable addition to modern projects.
 SAFETY MEASURES IN CONSTRUCTION

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Helmets, gloves, and boots for all workers.

2. Scaffolding Safety: Regular inspections to avoid collapses.

3. Fire Safety: Fire extinguishers installed at key locations.

• Details:
Safety wasn’t just a regulation—it was a priority. A single lapse could have catastrophic
consequences, so daily safety checks were conducted.
 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS – QUALITY
ASSURANCE

• Foundation Materials:

• Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC): Used for high load-bearing capacity.

• Waterproof Membranes: Ensured foundation durability against groundwater.

• Masonry Materials:

• Fly Ash Bricks: Lightweight and eco-friendly.

• Mortar: Tested for workability and bonding strength.

• Details:
Material quality plays a crucial role in long-term structural integrity. Each batch of bricks was tested
for compressive strength, and mortar was mixed under strict supervision to achieve desired standards.
 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
CONSTRUCTION
• Sustainability Measures:

• Use of fly ash bricks reduced carbon emissions.

• Recycling construction waste minimized environmental impact.

• Green Practices:

• Rainwater harvesting systems integrated into the design.

• Energy-efficient windows and lighting solutions.

• Details:
Modern construction isn’t just about building structures; it’s about creating harmony with the
environment. This project focused on green building practices to set a benchmark for sustainable
development.
 ADVANCED TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Surveying Instruments:

• Total Station for accurate boundary marking.

• Theodolite for precise angle measurement.

• Construction Technologies:

• Laser-guided equipment for excavation.

• Ready-mix concrete for consistency in foundation work.

• Details:
Integrating technology streamlined the construction process, improving efficiency and precision while
reducing human errors. For example, laser guidance ensured excavation depth uniformity.
 WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT AND TRAINING

• Workforce Composition:

• Skilled Masons: For detailed brickwork and bonding.

• Laborers: For support tasks like material transport.

• Training Programs:

• Safety drills conducted weekly.

• Skill enhancement workshops on advanced masonry techniques.

• Details:
Empowering the workforce through training ensured not only safety but also enhanced the quality of
work. The skilled masons brought life to the building's aesthetic and structural elements.
WATERPROOFING TECHNIQUES IN FOUNDATION

• Methods Applied:

• Bituminous Coating: Ensured a watertight seal.

• PVC Membranes: Provided flexible yet durable protection.

• Challenges Addressed:

• High water table necessitated additional layers of waterproofing.

• Tested for leaks before proceeding with backfilling.

• Details:
Waterproofing was critical in this project. A failure here would have jeopardized the entire structure, so
multiple layers of protection were meticulously applied and tested.
 PROJECT TIMELINE AND MILESTONES

1.Surveying and Land Clearing: Completed in 2 weeks.

2.Foundation Work: Spanning 6 weeks with concurrent dewatering.

3.Masonry: Took 4 weeks, focusing on high-quality workmanship.

• Details:
The timeline was strictly adhered to, ensuring the project stayed on schedule without
compromising on quality. Weekly reviews helped identify and mitigate potential delays.
 CONCLUSION

• Achievements:

• Successfully completed G+5 commercial building on time and within budget.

• Incorporated sustainable and energy-efficient practices.

• Lessons Learned:

• Importance of detailed planning and stakeholder collaboration.

• Role of modern technology in enhancing construction efficiency.

• Details:
This project demonstrated the perfect blend of traditional masonry craftsmanship and modern
engineering technologies, setting a new standard for commercial buildings in Jaipur.
 REFERENCES

1. "Principles of Foundation Engineering" by Braja M. Das.

Detailed insights into foundation engineering and soil mechanics.
2. "Building Construction" by B.C. Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain, and Arun Kumar Jain.
Comprehensive coverage of building construction techniques, materials, and processes.
3. IS 456:2000 – Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
Guidelines for the design and construction of concrete structures.
4. IS 1905:1987 – Code of Practice for Structural Use of Unreinforced Masonry
Standards for masonry construction.
5. IS 1200 – Methods of Measurement of Building and Civil Engineering Works
Specifications for quantity estimation.