CHAPTER 2:

PROCESS DESIGN
AND ANALYIS
by:

Chris Jane Mekitpekit

Sherlyn Penachos
Aliah Lusande
Princes Summer Uy
CONTENT
S
PROCESS DESIGN D
PRINCIPLE
.
PROCESS MAPPING E
TECHNIQUE .
PROCESS ANALYSIS F
AND IMPROVEMENT .
LEAN THINKING IN G
PROCESS DESIGN
.
WHAT IS PROCESS
DESIGN AND
ANALYSIS?
PROCESS DESIGN AND ANALYIS

Introduction
The objective of organization is to
provide service and product,
which satisfy customer and
create value for them. A product
and service designed is based on
the customer feedback and
requirement of the market.
PROCESS DESIGN

Process design is at the heart of

operations management (OM). It is
the process of creating and improving
systems that convert inputs into
outputs. Process design involves
understanding how work is done
within an organisation and then
designing and implementing ways to
improve it.
PROCESS DESIGN

 In addition, process designs must be

flexible enough to accommodate
changes in inputs or outputs.
 Process design is a systematic
approach to creating, optimizing,
and implementing procedures that
transform inputs into desired
outputs.
Why is it important to
understand process design?

• It's important to understand

process design because it can
help you analyze and manage a
company's operations. By focusing
closely on each process and
evaluating its efficiency, you can
find potential areas for
D. PROCESS DESIGN
PRINCIPLES
1. Direct interactions: Prioritize
understanding and optimizing customer
interactions with the product or service.

2. Important value: Design processes to

deliver value to customers.

3. Team collaboration:
Foster diverse perspectives and efficient
communication.
D. PROCESS DESIGN
PRINCIPLES
4. High quality: Maintain high quality in the
final product or service.

5. Specific boundaries: Clearly define and

communicate these boundaries.

6. Legal compliance: Ensure compliance with

all relevant regulations and industry
standards.
D. PROCESS DESIGN
PRINCIPLES
7. Continuous testing: Incorporate feedback
mechanisms to assess process effectiveness
and gather customer insights.

8. Informed revisions: Be flexible enough to

accommodate informed revisions based on
feedback and data.
E. PROCESS MAPPING
TECHNIQUE

Process Mapping
•A process map is a planning and
management tool that visually
describes the flow of work. Using
process mapping software, process
maps show a series of events that
produce an end result.
E. PROCESS MAPPING
TECHNIQUE
Purpose of process
mapping

•The purpose of process mapping is for

organizations and businesses to improve
efficiency. Process maps provide insight
into a process, help teams brainstorm
ideas for process improvement, increase
communication and provide process
Process Map
Example

N
Benefits of process
mapping
•Process mapping spotlights
waste, streamlines work processes
and builds understanding.
Types of process
mapping

1.Activity Process Map

represents value added and
-

non-value added activities in a

process
Types of process
mapping
2.Detailed Process Map
-provides a much more
detailed look at each step
in the process
Types of process
mapping

3.Document Map
-documents are the inputs
and outputs in a process
 Types of process
mapping
5.Rendered Process Map
-represents current state and/or future
state processes to show areas for
process improvement
Types of process
mapping
6.Swimlane (or Cross-
functional) Map
-separates out the sub-
process responsibilities in
the process
Types of process
mapping
7.Value-Added Chain
Diagram
-unconnected boxes that
represent a very simplified
version of a process for quick
understanding
 Types of process
mapping
8.Value Stream Map
-a lean-management technique that analyzes and
improves processes needed to make a product or
provide a service to a customer.
Types of process
mapping
9.Work Flow Diagram
-a work process shown in
“flow” format; doesn’t utilize
Unified Modeling Language
(UML) symbols.
How to create a process
map
How to create a process
map
Step 1: Identify the problem
Step 2: Brainstorm activities involved
Step 3: Figure out boundaries
Step 4: Determine and sequence the steps
Step 5: Draw basic flowchart symbols
Step 6: Finalize the process flowchart
F. PROCESS ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT

WHAT IS PROCESS ANALYSIS?

Process analysis is the exercise of analyzing processes to identify

opportunities to improve the way they operate. Using process
analysis, companies can evaluate their business processes and
pinpoint what is and isn’t working within their operations.
 PROCESS ANALYSIS AND
IMPROVEMENT
What are the business benefits of process analysis?

Through process analysis, companies can reengineer processes

with digital technology, tools, and personnel, in order to simplify
how they work with lower cost of ownership. Process analysis can
also be used to identify issues across the organization, as well as to
uncover opportunities for improving operational efficiency,
customer service, and customer experience, including where
intelligent process automation (IPA) can be applied.
Process analysis and improvement refers
to the practice of examining and evaluating
business processes to identify areas for
enhancement and optimize performance.
When is a business process analysis
necessary?
Every organization should routinely evaluate its processes to
identify opportunities for improvement. Technological
changes and innovations by competitors can result in obsolete
processes and place an organization at a significant
competitive disadvantage. As a rule of thumb: organizations
should perform a business process analysis prior to
introducing any new technology like automation into their
processes. Preparation will best set you up for success.
Analysis methods
Business process analysis consists of 6-steps:
What is process improvement?
Process improvement, also known as business
process improvement, refers to the practice of
finding ways to make existing processes faster,
more accurate, more efficient, and more reliable.
This practice should be considered an ongoing
exercise rather than a one-time action.
Why is process
improvement important?
Every company relies on different
types of business processes to
power its operations. Whether it’s
your employee onboarding, issuing
or receiving payments, or resolving
issues in IT systems, there is a
process behind everything your
Process improvement benefits

Process improvements goals are typically a combination of

any of the following: improve productivity, gain agility or
visibility in order to adapt to market changes, streamline
workflows, increase profits, patch security gaps, achieve
operational excellence, or create better user experiences
— both internally or externally.
There are several ways process
improvement can benefit your business,
including:
How to improve a process?

1. Pinpoint the problem

2. Identify the process(es) you want to focus
on
3. Analyze how the problem affects the
people involved
4. Determine solutions and implement them
5. Implement standards and procedures
6. Communicate with team members
7. Conduct process improvement reviews
regularly
 What can continuous process
improvement do for your business?

Continuous process improvement helps solve

process problems by breaking up improvements
into smaller, more manageable chunks that occur
on a rolling basis, rather than in large sweeps or
when they become too large to manage. This not
only saves companies time and resources, but it
also helps teams get ahead of potential, process-
specific issues before they become larger
company-wide risks.
Example of process improvement:

In order to understand the effectiveness of a process

improvement, consider the customer onboarding process.

The customer onboarding process is used to welcome new

customers, teach them about your product or service and
how to use it, and how to request support. When done
correctly, the customer onboarding process ensures that
new customers get the most out of what you offer, makes
their customer experience as smooth as possible, and
creates long-term success with your product or service.
G.LEAN
THINKING IN
PROCESS
DESIGN
LEAN
THINKING
Lean thinking is a philosophy and a set of principles that
aim to eliminate waste, optimize value, and improve
quality in any process or product. Lean thinking can be
applied to product design, which is the process of
creating or improving a product to meet customer needs
and expectations.
What Is the Goal of Lean Thinking?

The goal of lean thinking is to make business

better, value one another, and focus on value to
customers. When you can achieve these goals,
lean thinking is fully in swing.
4 Ps of lean
- Implementing lean conforms to the
four basic tenets called the four Ps of
lean thinking. They are Purpose,
Process, People, and Performance.
 What is Lean Design?

Lean Design is an extension of Lean

Thinking, which has been applied to the
production phases in several industries
including manufacturing, construction, and
healthcare. According to Emmitt et al.3,
moving Lean Thinking upstream should
create significant potential to deliver value
throughout the whole process.
Lean Design considers three perspectives to describe the
design process;

(1) Transformation (transformation of inputs into outputs);

(2) Flow (flow of material and information through time and space); and
(3) Value (the generation of value for customers).
 TRANSFORMATION FLOW VALUE

The ‘transformation The ‘flow view’ emphasizes The ‘value view’ stresses
view’ has been the on the interconnectivities of the use of analysis of
tasks with the aim of requirements and
dominant view of shortening lead times and constraints to deliver what
production and is best elimination of waste, matters to the customer6.
described as ‘getting including reduction of
the task done’. Several rework, use of team-based
practices such as work approaches to avoid time-
consuming iterations, and
breakdown structure release of information in
support this view. small batches to allow for
rapid feedback from team
members.
Lean Thinking and its 5
Principles

The Lean Enterprise Institute and the Lean

Enterprise Academy were founded by James
Womack and Dan Jones, respectively. They
were business colleagues who penned the
book, Lean Thinking: Banish Waste and
Create Wealth in Your Corporation.
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5(five) Principles

1. Value
The first of the lean thinking principles is value, which begs
organizations to really understand what value means for
their customers. .

2. Value Stream
Once you can successfully identify value, organizations
must next learn and define how to achieve that value.

3. Flow
Once you identify the value stream, you can move on to the
next lean thinking principle: flow. you need to improve the
project process flow, where you can reduce your production
lead time.
5(five) Principles

4. Pull System:
It consists in starting new work only when there is
customer demand for it. Just-in-time delivery (JIT).

5. Continuous Improvement:
You need to constantly use lean techniques to find
and eliminate waste.
Lean Six Sigma in
Operations
Management
Lean Six Sigma in Operations
Management
Lean Six Sigma is a quality improvement
methodology used in operations management. It
looks for and removes flaws in production and
commercial procedures.

The Six Sigma, operational management method

uses statistical techniques to find and fix process
flaws and is data-driven. Six Sigma attempts to
 Principles of Lean Six Sigma for
Operations Improvement
Lean Six Sigma is a simple approach to
finding solutions. Instead, it has a specific
goal:

 To offer genuine goods and services to

support business growth while
guaranteeing high levels of client pleasure.
 Finding the problem's fundamental cause
and selecting the best approach to fix it
The six sigma concepts for improving operations are as
follows:

1. Waste Elimination
 Eliminating errors in operations management with Lean
Six Sigma involves several processes. Finding the source
of the faults is the first step. Several techniques, such
as process mapping, root cause analysis, and fishbone
diagrams, can be used to accomplish this.
2. Do quick projects with focused objectives
The primary objective of creating short-term projects in LSS for
operations management is to ensure that resources are used
effectively and efficiently by the company to produce desired
results.

3. Make sure to create a collaborative and sustainable work

environment
A responsive and adaptable workplace ecosystem is crucial for
operations management.
4- Comprehensive Operational Hierarchy Training
Operations management requires top-down Lean Six Sigma
training since it ensures that everyone in the business is on
the same page with the technique.

5- Focusing on the consumer

Customer attention is crucial for Six Sigma operations
management for various reasons. One of the benefits is
that it ensures that the goods and services offered to satisfy
the client's demands and preferences.
6- Determine the value stream and identify the issue's
fundamental cause
The process that produces the good or service that the
client receives is known as the value stream. It is first
vital to measure issues in the value stream to identify
and address them. Then, it's helpful to pinpoint the
bottlenecks and potential improvement areas.
The 7+1 Types of Waste in Lean Thinking and
Management:
1. Inventory: Having an increase in the inventory (or
input) can lead to increased time in the project
processes.

2. Waiting: This waste type occurs when employees

can’t work because they’re waiting on materials or
equipment, or in the opposite case, there can be idle
equipment waiting on maintenance.

3. Defects: Having bad quality results is a waste that

must be reduced as much as possible. it can affect
customer satisfaction and increase costs.
The 7+1 Types of Waste in Lean Thinking and
Management:
5. The unnecessary motion of resources: changing
roles creates waste in project processes.

6. Unnecessary transportation: Unnecessary

transportation of employees and tools is a waste that
must be eliminated by optimizing the environment of
the project.

7. Over-processing: This waste consists in adding

features to a product of the project that are out of
scope, which makes them unnecessary.
References
•Process Design
Principles(2024)https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/c
areer-development/process-design
•Process Mapping(2024) "Guide ni to Process Mapping:
Definition, How-to, and Tips [2024] • Asana"
https://asana.com/resources/process-mapping
•"A Step-by-Step Guide to Process Analysis"
https://trainual.com/manual/process-analysis-guide
•Applying Lean Six Sigma
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