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Chapter - 3 - Introduction To Dynamic Routing Protocols

Cisco Public Objectives describe the role of Dynamic Routing Protocols and place these protocols in the context of modern network design. Describe how metrics are used by routing protocols and identify the metric types used by Dynamic Routing Protocols. Identify the administrative distance of a route and describe its importance in the routing process.

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100 views

Chapter - 3 - Introduction To Dynamic Routing Protocols

Cisco Public Objectives describe the role of Dynamic Routing Protocols and place these protocols in the context of modern network design. Describe how metrics are used by routing protocols and identify the metric types used by Dynamic Routing Protocols. Identify the administrative distance of a route and describe its importance in the routing process.

Uploaded by

http://heiserz.com/
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Introduction to Dynamic Routing Protocol

Routing Protocols and Concepts Chapter 3

Version 4.0

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Objectives
 Describe the role of dynamic routing protocols and place these protocols in the context of modern network design. Identify several ways to classify routing protocols. Describe how metrics are used by routing protocols and identify the metric types used by dynamic routing protocols. Determine the administrative distance of a route and describe its importance in the routing process. Identify the different elements of the routing table.

 

 

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Dynamic Routing Protocols


 Function(s) of Dynamic Routing Protocols:
Dynamically share information between routers. Automatically update routing table when topology changes. Determine best path to a destination.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Dynamic Routing Protocols


 The purpose of a dynamic routing protocol is to:
Discover remote networks Maintaining up-to-date routing information Choosing the best path to destination networks Ability to find a new best path if the current path is no longer available

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Dynamic Routing Protocols


 Components of a routing protocol
Algorithm In the case of a routing protocol algorithms are used for facilitating routing information and best path determination Routing protocol messages These are messages for discovering neighbors and exchange of routing information

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Dynamic Routing Protocols


 Advantages of static routing
It can backup multiple interfaces/networks on a router Easy to configure No extra resources are needed More secure

 Disadvantages of static routing


Network changes require manual reconfiguration Does not scale well in large topologies

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Classifying Routing Protocols


 Dynamic routing protocols are grouped according to characteristics. Examples include: RIP IGRP EIGRP OSPF IS-IS BGP

 Autonomous System is a group of routers under the control of a single authority.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Classifying Routing Protocols


 Types of routing protocols:
Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP) Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Classifying Routing Protocols


 Interior Gateway Routing Protocols (IGP)
Used for routing inside an autonomous system & used to route within the individual networks themselves Examples: RIP, EIGRP, OSPF

 Exterior Routing Protocols (EGP)


Used for routing between autonomous systems Example: BGPv4

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Classifying Routing Protocols


 IGP: Comparison of Distance Vector & Link State Routing Protocols
Distance vector Routes are advertised as vectors of distance & direction Incomplete view of network topology Generally, periodic updates Link state Complete view of network topology is created Updates are not periodic
2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

10

Classifying Routing Protocols

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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11

Classifying Routing Protocols


 Classful routing protocols
Do NOT send subnet mask in routing updates

 Classless routing protocols


Do send subnet mask in routing updates

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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12

Classifying Routing Protocols


 Convergence is defined as when all routers routing tables are at a state of consistency

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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13

Routing Protocols Metrics


 Metric
A value used by a routing protocol to determine which routes are better than others

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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14

Routing Protocols Metrics


 Metrics used in IP routing protocols
Bandwidth Cost Delay Hop count Load Reliability

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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15

Routing Protocols Metrics


 The Metric Field in the Routing Table  Metric used for each routing protocol
RIP - hop count IGRP & EIGRP Bandwidth (used by default), Delay (used by default), Load, Reliability IS-IS & OSPF - Cost, Bandwidth (Ciscos implementation)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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16

Routing Protocols Metrics


 Load balancing
This is the ability of a router to distribute packets among multiple same cost paths

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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17

Administrative Distance of a Route


 Purpose of a metric
Its a calculated value used to determine the best path to a destination

 Purpose of Administrative Distance


Its a numeric value that specifies the preference of a particular route

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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18

Administrative Distance of a Route


 Identifying the Administrative Distance (AD) in a routing table
It is the first number in the brackets in the routing table

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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19

Administrative Distance of a Route


 Dynamic Routing Protocols

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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20

Administrative Distance of a Route


 Directly connected routes
Have a default AD of 0

 Static Routes
Administrative distance of a static route has a default value of 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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21

Administrative Distance of a Route


 Directly connected routes
Immediately appear in the routing table as soon as the interface is configured

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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22

Summary
 Dynamic routing protocols fulfill the following functions Dynamically share information between routers Automatically update routing table when topology changes Determine best path to a destination  Routing protocols are grouped as either Interior gateway protocols (IGP)Or Exterior gateway protocols(EGP)  Types of IGPs include Classless routing protocols - these protocols include subnet mask in routing updates Classful routing protocols - these protocols do not include subnet mask in routing update
2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

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Summary
 Metrics are used by dynamic routing protocols to calculate the best path to a destination  Administrative distance is an integer value that is used to indicate a routers trustworthiness  Components of a routing table include: Route source Administrative distance Metric

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Cisco Public

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