Scribd
Upload
39 views15 pages

Chapter 1 Research Methods

Research Methods I

Uploaded by

mahnoor ijaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views15 pages

Chapter 1 Research Methods

Research Methods I

Uploaded by

mahnoor ijaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Introduction to

Research in
Psychology
What is Research
Research is a systematic and structured process of investigation and inquiry.
Defining Research
o Discovering new knowledge or understanding.
o Verifying existing knowledge or theories.
o Solving problems or addressing questions.
o Exploring relationships or phenomena.
o Evaluating effectiveness or impact.
Key Elements

Systematic: Following a structured approach.


Objective: Seeking unbiased information.
Empirical: Based on evidence and data.
Critical: Analysing and evaluating information.
Replicable: Allowing others to verify results.
Research in Psychology
• Research in psychology is the scientific study of
psychological phenomena, aiming to understand
individuals' thoughts, feelings, behaviours, and
interactions.
• It employs systematic methods to develop and test
theories, hypotheses, and interventions.
Why Psychology Adopts the Scientific Method

• Seeking Objective Truth: Psychology aims to understand


human behaviour and mental processes objectively.
• Improving Validity: Systematic observation and measurement
enhance validity.
• Reducing Bias: Controlled experiments minimize researcher
bias.
• Replicability: Findings can be verified and built upon.
• Evidence-Based Practice: Informing interventions and
treatments.
Importance of Research in Psychology

• Improves mental health treatments and interventions.


• Informs evidence-based practices in mental health,
education, and social services
• Enhances critical thinking and problem-solving skills
• Contributes to policy development and social change
• Supports evidence-based practice.
Research Purpose

Exploration (Understanding phenomena)

Description (Characterizing phenomena)

Explanation (Identifying causes)

Prediction (Forecasting outcomes)

Evaluation (Assessing effectiveness)


• Basic Research (Theoretical)

Types of • Applied Research (Practical)

Research in • Qualitative Research (Non-


Psychology numerical)

• Quantitative Research (Numerical)

• Mixed-Methods Research (Combines


qualitative and quantitative)
Research Process
• Formulation: Defining research question, hypothesis,
or objectives.
• Literature Review: Reviewing existing knowledge.
• Methodology: Designing research approach and
methods.
• Data Collection: Gathering information.
• Data Analysis: Interpreting and drawing conclusions.
• Reporting: Communicating findings.
Research Methods in Psychology

• Quantitative (numeric data, statistical analysis).


• Qualitative (textual data, thematic analysis).
• Mixed Methods (combining quantitative and qualitative).
• Experimental Methods
• Quasi-Experimental Methods
• Non-Experimental Methods
• Survey Methods
• Observational Methods
• Case Study Methods
• Correlational Methods
• Neuroimaging Methods
Measurement and Scaling

• Types of data: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio


• Measurement tools: Self-report, behavioural,
physiological
• Scaling techniques: Likert, Thurstone, Guttman
Sampling and Generalizability

• Probability • Non-probability • Sample size


sampling: Random, sampling: and
Stratified, Cluster Convenience,
Purposive
representation
Ethical Considerations

• Informed consent
• Confidentiality and anonymity
• Deception and debriefing
• Risk and benefit assessment
Research Challenges and Limitations

• Participant bias
• Researcher bias
• Measurement error
• Statistical power
• Generalizability
Conclusion

oResearch is essential to advancing knowledge in psychology


oUnderstanding research methodologies and ethics is crucial
for conducting high-quality research
oCritical thinking and problem-solving skills are essential for
research success

You might also like