Science 8 Lesson 3

G o o d d a y
ev e r y o n e !
t i a l e n e r gy
Po te n
and
t i c e n e rg y
kine
OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify how potential energy transforms into
kinetic energy and vice versa in various physical
systems.
2. Know potential and kinetic energy values in
different scenarios to understand the relationship
between them.
3. Compare the principles of conservation of energy
for potential and kinetic energy, identifying
similarities and differences in their conservation
laws.
Activity 1. Energy Crossword Puzzle
Objective: Familiarize the words that are associated to the concept of energy.
Complete the crossword puzzle below
Across:
1. The product of force and
displacement is __________.
4. __________ is the unit of
energy in SI system.
6. __________ energy is stored
due to the object’s position.
Down:
2. _________ energy is associated
with motion.
3. The total __________ energy is
the sum of kinetic and
potential energy.
5. The ability to do work is
ENERGY
 The ability to do work
 applies to power expended or capable of being
transformed into work.
 Everything that happens in the world uses
energy!
 Most of the time we can’t see energy, but it is
everywhere around us!
Batteries stored
This car uses a lot
energy!
of energy!
Even this
sleeping We get our
puppy is using energy to
stored energy FOOD!
HOW IS ALL ENERGY DIVIDED?
POTENTIAL ENERGY
 The energy stored in an object.
 “Potential” simply means the energy has the ability to do something
useful later on.
Example of Potential Energy:
A stretched Water at
rubber the top of a
band… waterfall
A drawn Yo-Yo held

bow and in your
arrow… hand…
 The higher an object, the more potential energy.
 The more mass an object has, the more the
potential energy it has.
Which object has more potential energy?
 Changing an objects’ height can change its
potential energy.
 If I want to drop an apple from the top of one of
these three things, where will be the most
potential energy?
Potential Energy Converted to Kinetic
Energy…
When stored energy begins to move, the object now

transfers from potential energy into kinetic energy.
KINETIC
ENERGY
 The energy of a moving object.
 “Kinetic” means movement!
 When stored energy id being used up, it is making things move or
happen.
Example of Kinetic Energy:
The faster the object moves, the more kinetic
energy is produced.
The greater the mass and speed of an object, the

more kinetic energy there will be.
When these objects move at the same speed, which
will have more kinetic energy?
 An object has the MOST kinetic energy when it’s movement is

the GREATEST.
 When an object has the LEAST potential energy, it has the
MOST kinetic energy.
energy
The unit of energy is J (Joule) which is also kg m2/s2 (kilogram meter
squared per second squared)
Gravitational Potential Energy
When the PE is due to an objects height then:
PE due to gravity = m g h
Where:
•m is the objects mass (kg)
•g is the "gravitational field strength" of 9.8 m/s2 near the Earth's surface
•h is height (m)
Example: This 2 kg hammer is 0.4 m up. What is it's PE?

PE =m g h
=2 kg × 9.8 m/s2 × 0.4 m
=7.84 kg m2/s2
=7.84 J
Kinetic Energy
The formula is:
KE = ½ m v2
Where
•m is the object's mass (kg)
•v is the object's speed (m/s)
Example: What is the KE of a 1500 kg car going at suburban speed of 14 m/s (about 50 km/h or 30 mph)?
KE = ½ m v2
KE = ½ × 1500 kg × (14 m/s)2
KE = 147,000 kg m2/s2
KE = 147 kJ
Let's double the speed!
Example: The same car is now going at highway speed of 28 m/s (about 100 km/h or 60 mph)?
KE = ½ m v2
KE = ½ × 1500 kg × (28 m/s)2
KE = 588,000 kg m2/s2
KE = 588 kJ
Wow! that is a big increase in energy! Highway speed is way more dangerous.
From PE to KE
When falling, an object's PE due to gravity converts into KE and also heat
due to air resistance.
Let's drop something!
Example: We drop this 0.1 kg apple 1 m. What speed does it hit the ground with?
At 1 m above the ground it's Potential Energy is
PE = m g h
PE = 0.1 kg × 9.8 m/s2 × 1 m
PE = 0.98 kg m2/s2
Ignoring air resistance (which is small for this little drop anyway) that PE
gets converted into KE:
KE = ½ m v2
Swap sides and rearrange:
½ m v2 = KE
v2 = 2 × KE / m
v = √( 2 × KE / m )
Now put PE into KE and we get:
v = √( 2 × 0.98 kg m2/s2 / 0.1 kg )
v = √( 19.6 m2/s2 )
v = 4.427... m/s
Note: for velocity we can combine the formulas like this:
The mass does not matter! It is all about height and gravity. For our earlier example:
v = √( 2gh )
v = √( 2 × 9.8 m/s2 × 1 m )
v = 4.427... m/
Velocity from KE: v = √( 2 × KE / m )

Put in formula for PE: v = √( 2 × mgh / m )
Cancel m/m: v = √( 2gh )
Th a n k
yo u ! !
Activity 1: Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy
Identify whether the objects in the given situations possess Potential
Energy or Kinetic Energy. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Bird flying
2. Log in a fireplace
3. Watermelon on a desk
4. Car travelling on the highway
5. Car sitting in a driveway
6. Bunch of coconut stick on a table
7. Ball bouncing on the floor
8. Child jumping on his bed
9. Child sleeping on the crib
10. Marble rolling down the ramp

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G o o d d a y

A drawn Yo-Yo held

When stored energy begins to move, the object now

The greater the mass and speed of an object, the

 An object has the MOST kinetic energy when it’s movement is

Example: This 2 kg hammer is 0.4 m up. What is it's PE?

Velocity from KE: v = √( 2 × KE / m )

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