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Unit 6 Structure and Union

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5 views27 pages

Unit 6 Structure and Union

Uploaded by

omgallery39
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of FOT

01CE0101 - Computer Unit - 6


Structure and union
Programming
Structures
 Arrays allow to define type of
variables that can hold several
data items of the same kind.
 Similarly structure is another
Structur user defined data type available
e in C that allows to combine
data items of different kinds.
 Structures are used to represent a
record.
 To define a structure, you must use
the struct keyword.
 The struct keyword defines a new data type,
Defining a with more than one member.
Structure  The format of the struct statement is as follows
Example
 To access any member of a structure,
Accessin we use the member access
g operator (.)
Structur  The member access operator is
e coded as a period between the
structure variable name and the
Member structure member that we wish to
s access.
 You would use the keyword struct to
define variables of structure type.
Example
Program
Example
Program
Program
output
 You can pass a structure as a function
Structure argument in the same way as you pass
any other variable or pointer.
s as
Function
Argumen
ts
 You can pass a structure as a function
argument in the same way as you pass any
other variable or pointer(Call by Value).

Program
 You can pass a structure as a function
argument in the same way as you pass any
other variable or pointer(Call by Reference).

Program
Union
 A union is a special data type
available in C that allows to store
different data types in the same
memory location.
 You can define a union with many
Union members, but only one member can
contain a value at any given time.
 Unions provide an efficient way of
using the same memory location for
multiple-purpose.
 To define a union, you must use
the union keyword in the same way as
you did while defining a structure.
Defining a  The union statement defines a new data
Union
type with more than one member for
your program.
 The format of the union statement is as
follows

Defining
a Union
 Each member definition is a normal
variable definition, such as int i; or float
f; or any other valid variable definition.
 At the end of the union's definition,
before the final semicolon, you can
specify one or more union variables but
it is optional.
Defining • Now, a variable of Data type can
store an integer, a floating-point
a Union number, or a string of characters.
• It means a single variable, i.e.,
same memory location, can be used
to store multiple types of data.
Example
 To access any member of a union, we
use the member access operator (.).
 The member access operator is coded
Accessing
as a period between the union variable
Union
name and the union member that we
Members
wish to access.
 You would use the keyword union to
define variables of union type.
Example
program
Output
of
program
Difference
between
structure
and union
• Structures gather more than one piece of
data about the same subject together in the
same place.
• It is helpful when you want to gather the data
of similar data types and parameters like first
Advantag name, last name, etc.
es of • It is very easy to maintain as we can
represent the whole record by using a single
structure name.
• In structure, we can pass complete set of
records to any function using a single
parameter.
• You can use an array of structure to store
more records with similar types.
 Change of one data structure in a code necessitates
changes at many other places. Therefore, the
changes become hard to track.
 Structure is slower because it requires storage
space for all the data.
Disadvantages  You can retrieve any member at a time in
of structure structure whereas you can access one member at a
time in the union.
 Structure occupies space for each and every
member written in inner parameters while union
occupies space for a member having the highest size
written in inner parameters.
 Structure supports flexible array. Union does not
support a flexible array.
• It occupies less memory compared to
structure.
• When you use union, only the last
variable can be directly accessed.
Advantages of • Union is used when you have to use
union the same memory location for two or
more data members.
• It enables you to hold data of only one
data member.
• Its allocated space is equal to
maximum size of the data member.
• You can use only one union member
at a time.
Disadvantages • All the union variables cannot be
of union initialized or used with varying
values at a time.
• Union assigns one common storage
space for all its members.
That’s All….

Thank you!!!

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