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L4 Chapter 3 Data Analysis

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45 views

L4 Chapter 3 Data Analysis

Uploaded by

andreanicollebautista09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical

Research 2
Data Analysis:
Organizing and Presenting Data, Planning
Statistical Data Analysis & Interpretating
Statistical Results
What to learn?
1.What is Quantitative Data Analysis?
2.How is Data Analysis Important in
Research?
3.How to Organize and Present Data?
4.How to Interpret the Result of Data
Analysis?
What is Quantitative Data
Analysis?
• Systematic approach of examining
data to interpret its meaning and
draw conclusions about a research
hypothesis and problems.The population of both
male and female
students in Grade 7 is
equal to 60.
How is Data Analysis Important
in Research?
• Enable researchers to:
1. Describe Data Sets
2. Determine the Degree of Relationship of
Variables
3. Determine the Difference Between Variables
4. Predict Outcomes of Research Study
5. Validate Research Hypothesis
Presenting and Interpreting
Data
1.Textual
2.Tabular
3.Graphical
4.Summary statistics
Textual Presentation of Data

1.Uses words/statements or paragraphs


with numerals to describe data.
e.g. In Labayug National High School,
General Academic Strand (GAS) has the
highest number of enrollees equal to
62 students, this academic year.
Tabular Presentation of Data
1. Presentation of clear and organized data.
Characteristics of a good table:
• Table number and Title
• Placed above the table and title are written right after the
table number
• Caption subhead
• Columns and rows labels
• Body (Data under each subhead)
• Source (acknowledgement of secondary sources of data)
Graphical Presentation of Data

1.Visual presentation of data using symbols


such as lines, dots, bars or slices.
Characteristics of a good graph:
• Heading and units are included in the x
and y axis
• Figure number title at the bottom of the
figure.
Statistical summary
1.Results of statistical testing.
• Descriptive statistics
• Statistical result depending on the
test
• Post hoc analysis
2.Presented as a table.
STATISTICAL TESTS
1.DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
• Summarize or describe features of
data set such as central tendency
and degree of variability.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
1. Mean – average value of the data set
2. Median – middle vale of the data set
3. Mode – frequently occurring value in the data set
4. Range – difference between the highest and lowest value
in the data set
5. Frequency – number of occurrence of a particular value in
the data set
6. Percentage – ratio of frequency and whole observation
times 100%
STATISTICAL TESTS
(Hypothesis Testing)
2. INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
• Used to make conclusions, or
inferences, based on the available
data from a smaller sample
population.
• Use to test research hypothesis
Considerations before doing the
statistical testing
1.Decide for the level of significance
• Confidence level 99% and 1% or 0.01 significance level
• Confidence level 95% and 5% or 0.05 significance level
• Confidence level 90% and 10% or 0.10 significance level
*Note: The lower the significance level the greater the
evidence that the results are TRUE.
Considerations before doing the
statistical testing
2. Type I and Type II Error
• Type I Error (False positive)
• Happens at the alpha region
• Mistakenly REJECT Ho when its TRUE
• Type II Error (False negative)
• Happens at the beta region
• Mistakenly FAILED TO REJECT Ho when its
FALSE
Considerations before doing the
statistical testing
3. Conditions of Critical values and p-values
should be known
4. Identify and apply post hoc analysis
• LSD (Least Significant Difference)
• Used only if Ho is rejected
• Scheffe’s Test
• Used only if Ho is rejected but critical value is lower than LSD
• Tukey HSD (Honestly Significant Difference)
• Unplanned comparison
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
1. z-test
• a statistical technique used to quantify the difference
between the mean (average value) of a variable from up
to two samples (datasets) equal to or greater than 30
participants.
• Conditions:
a. Data must be normally distributed
b. Data points must be independent
c. Variance must be equal
z-test
1.Independent sample z-test (two
independent)
2.Paired sample z-test (two identical)
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
2. t-test
• a statistical technique used to quantify the difference
between the mean (average value) of a variable from up
to two samples (datasets) with less than 30 participants.
• One sample t-test (sample mean is compared with known
value)
• Independent sample t-test (sample mean of two
independent groups are compared)
• Paired t-test (sample mean of two groups are compared)
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
3. ANOVA
• Analysis of Variance
• Used to compare three or more groups
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
3. Pearson Product Moment Correlation
Coefficient R
• Relationship between variables
• Identified Independent and Dependent
variables

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