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Unit-2.3 Statements

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minhawk2001
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4 views18 pages

Unit-2.3 Statements

Uploaded by

minhawk2001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statements

Overview
 High C++ fidelity
 if, while, do require bool condition
 goto can’t jump into blocks
 switch statement
 No fall-through
 foreach statement
 checked and unchecked statements
 Expression void Foo() {
statements i == 1; // error
must do work }
Statements
Overview
 Statement lists  Loop Statements
 Block statements
 while

 do
Labeled statements  for
 Declarations  foreach
 Constants
 Jump Statements
 Variables  break
 Expression statements  continue
 checked, unchecked  goto
 lock  return
 using  throw
 Conditionals  Exception handling
 if  try
 switch  throw
Statements
Syntax
 Statements are terminated with a
semicolon (;)
 Just like C, C++ and Java
 Block statements { ... } don’t need a semicolon
Statements
Syntax
 Comments
 // Comment a single line, C++ style
 /* Comment multiple
lines,
C style
*/
Statements
Statement Lists & Block Statements
 Statement list: one or more statements in
sequence
 Block statement: a statement list delimited by
braces { ... } static void Main() {
F();
G();
{ // Start block
H();
; // Empty statement
I();
} // End block
}
Statements
Variables and Constants

static void Main() {


const float pi = 3.14f;
const int r = 123;
Console.WriteLine(pi * r * r);

int a;
int b = 2, c = 3;
a = 1;
Console.WriteLine(a + b + c);
}
Statements
Variables and Constants
 The scope of a variable or constant runs
from the point of declaration to the end of
the enclosing block
Statements
Variables and Constants
 Within the scope of a variable or constant it is an
error to declare another variable or constant with
the same name

{
int x;
{
int x; // Error: can’t hide variable x
}
}
Statements
Variables
 Variables must be assigned a value before they
can be used
 Explicitly or automatically
 Called definite assignment
 Automatic assignment occurs for static fields,
class instance fields and array elements

void Foo() {
string s;
Console.WriteLine(s); // Error
}
Statements
Labeled Statements & goto
 goto can be used to transfer control within or
out of a block, but not into a nested block
static void Find(int value, int[,] values,
out int row, out int col) {
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < values.GetLength(0); i++)
for (j = 0; j < values.GetLength(1); j++)
if (values[i, j] == value) goto found;
throw new InvalidOperationException(“Not found");
found:
row = i; col = j;
}
Statements
Expression Statements
 Statements must do work
 Assignment, method call, ++, --, new

static void Main() {


int a, b = 2, c = 3;
a = b + c;
a++;
MyClass.Foo(a,b,c);
Console.WriteLine(a + b + c);
a == 2; // ERROR!
}
Statements
if Statement
 Requires bool expression

int Test(int a, int b) {


if (a > b)
return 1;
else if (a < b)
return -1;
else
return 0;
}
Statements
switch Statement
 Can branch on any predefined type
(including string) or enum
 User-defined types can provide implicit conversion
to these types
 Must explicitly state how to end case
 With break, goto case, goto label, return,
throw or continue
 Eliminates fall-through bugs
 Not needed if no code supplied after the label
Statements
switch Statement
int Test(string label) {
int result;
switch(label) {
case null:
goto case “runner-up”;
case “fastest”:
case “winner”:
result = 1; break;
case “runner-up”:
result = 2; break;
default:
result = 0;
}
return result;
}
Statements
while Statement
 Requires bool expression

int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
...
i++;
int i = 0;
}
do {
...
i++;
}
while (i < 5); while (true) {
...
}
Statements
for Statement

for (int i=0; i < 5; i++) {


...
}
for (;;) {
...
}
Statements
Jump Statements
 break
 Exit inner-most loop
 continue
 End iteration of inner-most loop
 goto <label>
 Transfer execution to label statement
 return [<expression>]
 Exit a method
 throw
 See exception handling
Statements
Basic Input/Output Statements
 Console applications
 System.Console.WriteLine();
 System.Console.ReadLine();
 Windows applications
 System.WinForms.MessageBox.Show();

string v1 = “some value”;


MyObject v2 = new MyObject();
Console.WriteLine(“First is {0}, second is {1}”,
v1, v2);

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