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2. Fundamentals of programming (Java)

Java programming language

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Hayat Hyt
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3 views

2. Fundamentals of programming (Java)

Java programming language

Uploaded by

Hayat Hyt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Khana-e Noor University

Computer Science Faculty

Fundamentals Of
Programming (Java)
Chapter 2
Outline

 Data types in Java Language


 Variables in Java Language
 Access Modifiers
Data types in Java

 Data types specify how we enter data


into our programs and what type of data
we enter.
 Java language has some predefined set
of data types to handle various kinds of
data that we can use in our program.
 These datatypes have different storage
capacities.
Data Types in Java

 Java language supports 2 different type


of data types:
 Primary (Built-in) data types:
 These are fundamental data types in
Java namely :
 integer (int), floating point (float),
character (char), void, …
Data Types in Java

 Derived data types:


 Derived data types are nothing but
primary datatypes but a little twisted
or grouped together
like array and pointer. These are
discussed in details later.
Data types and Keywords
Data types and ranges
Type Typical Bit Width Typical Range

char 1byte -127 to 127 or 0 to 255

int 4bytes -2147483648 to 2147483647

short 2bytes -32768 to 32767

long 4bytes -2,147,483,647 to 2,147,483,647

float 4bytes +/- 3.4e +/- 38 (~7 digits)

double 8bytes +/- 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 digits)


Variables in Java Language
 Java variable is a named location in a
memory where a program can manipulate
the data.
 This location is used to hold the value of
the variable.
 The value of the Java variable may get
change in the program.
 Java variable might be belonging to any of
the data type like int, float, char,… etc.
Rules of naming variables
 Variable name must begin with letter or
underscore.
 Variables are case sensitive
 They can be constructed with digits, letters.
 No special symbols are allowed other than
underscore.
 Examples: int number; double _score;
char Alphabet;
Variable Initialization and
Declaration
 Variables should be declared in the Java
program before to use.
 Memory space is not allocated for a
variable while declaration.
 Variable initialization means assigning a
value to the variable.
Variable Initialization and
Declaration
Scope Rules in Java

 A scope in any programming is a region of the


program where a defined variable can have its
existence and beyond that variable it cannot
be accessed.
 Inside a function or a block which is
called local variables.
 Outside of all functions which is
called global variables.
Local Variables
 Variables that are declared inside a function or
block are called local variables.
 They can be used only by statements that are
inside that function or block of code.
 Local variables are not known to functions
outside their own.
 Here all the variables a, b, and c are local to
main() function.
Local Variable
Instance variables
 Instance variables are declared in a
class, but outside a method or any
block.
Access Control Modifiers
 Java provides a number of access modifiers to
set access levels for classes, variables, methods
and constructors.
 The three access levels are:
1.Visible to the class only (private).
2.Visible to the world (public).
3.Visible to the package and all subclasses
(protected).
Access Control Modifiers
Access Control Modifiers
Any Questions?

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