Grade 10 Mathematics

Sequences
Polynomials and Polynomial Equations

Polynomial Functions
Circles
Plane Coordinate Geometry
Permutations and Combinations
Probability of Compound Events
Measures of Position
 Grade 10 Mathematics
Module 1 – Sequences
Module 2 – Polynomials and Polynomial Equations
Module 3 – Polynomial Functions
Module 4 – Circles
Module 5 – Plane Coordinate Geometry
Module 6 – Permutations and Combinations
Module 7 – Probability of Compound Events
Module 8 – Measures of Position
 Grade 10 Mathematics
Module 1 – Sequences
a. Arithmetic Sequences
Finding the
b. Geometric Sequences
Next Term
c. Other Types of Sequences
Solving Real-Life Finding the
Problems nth Term

Finding the Finding the

Sum of the Arithmetic/Geometric Means
First n Terms
 20 -16
36 -26

20 -16
 243
177,147

243
5
5/2 2.5

What mathematical skills

Where you able to find the
you
The used to recognize
examples the
above are
pattern and get the next
pattern and to get the next
called SEQUENCES.
number in the sequence?
number?
Find the next 2 terms of the following
sequences:
2/81 2/243
1. 2, 2/3, 2/9, 2/27,____,_____

49 64
2. 1,4,9,25, 36,____,_____
-22 -77
3. 88,77,55,22,____,_____

49 79
4. 3,8,11,19,30,____,_____

5. x-4, 2x+1, 3x+6, 5x+16 6x+21

4x+11,____,_____
What is a SEQUENCE ?
A SEQUENCE is a function
whose domain is the finite set
{1,2,3,…,n}
or the infinite set {1,2,3,…}.
SEQUEN
CE
{
Finite Infinite
Set 5 }
{1,2,3, Set
{1,2,3,…}
…
…,55}5
What’s the difference?
Finding several terms of a sequence, given the
general term:
General
Example: 𝒂 ( 𝒏) =𝟐 𝒏−𝟑
Term
−𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟗
𝑎(𝑛)¿2𝑛−3 𝑎(𝑛)¿2𝑛−3
𝑎(1)¿2(1)−3 𝑎(2)¿2(2)−3
𝑎(1)¿2−3 𝑎(2)¿4−3
𝑎(1)¿−1 𝑎(2)¿1
Example: 𝒂 ( 𝒏) =𝟐 𝒏−𝟑

−𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟗
𝑎1
𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎4 𝑎5 𝑎6
Find the first 5 terms of the
sequence
𝑎 1=− 3
𝑎 2= 9
𝑎 3= −27
𝑎 4 =81
𝑎 5=− 243
 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
1, 3, 5, 7, 9
9, 6, 3, 0, −𝟑
3, 9, 27, 81, 𝟐𝟒𝟑
Did you find it easy to give
How do you-2, 4,find
-8, the−𝟑𝟐
16,
the first five terms of the
activity?
sequence?
Find a formula for the nth term of the
sequence given the first set of terms.
Example #1: 10,13,16,19,22,…
General rule:
Example #2: 6,10,14,18,…
General rule:
Example #3: 5,12,19,26,33,…
General rule:
Example #4: 2,-5,-12,-19…
General rule:
Example #5: 1,4,9,16,25,…
General rule:
 𝒏 +𝟐
𝒂𝒏 =¿
𝒂𝒏 =¿
𝟐 𝒏+ 𝟏
𝒂𝒏 =¿
𝟐
𝒏

𝒂𝒏 =¿
( −𝟏)
𝒏

𝒂𝒏 =¿𝟏
𝒏
 𝒏 +𝟐
𝒂𝒏 =¿
𝒂𝒏 =¿
𝟐 𝒏+ 𝟏
𝒂𝒏 =¿
𝟐
𝒏

𝒂𝒏 =¿
( −𝟏)
𝒏

𝒂𝒏 =¿𝟏
𝒏
 What’s the
RULE?

+𝟒
+𝟒 +𝟒 +𝟒 +𝟒 +𝟒 +𝟒 +𝟒 +𝟒
20, 24, 28, 32, 36
What is an ARITHMETIC
SEQUENCE ?
An ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE
is a sequence where every term after
the first is obtained by adding a
constant called the common
difference.

3, 7, 11, 15, …

4 4 4
Example: 15, 11, 7,
3,an...Arithmetic Sequence?
Is this
Why?
Yes. It has a common
difference of .

Is the meaning of Arithmetic

Sequence clear to you?
Consider the following sequences
and observe how the succession of
term is obtained.

A.1,3,5,7,…The common difference is 2

B.-3,-6,-9,-12,… The common difference is -3

C.1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, The 3,…common difference is 0.5

D.15,25,35,45,55,… The common difference is 10

E.1/3, 5/6, 4/3, 11/6,… The common difference is 1/2

ARITHMETIC or NOT?

1. Arithmetic d=

2. Not Arithmetic
3. 2 Not Arithmetic
4. Arithmetic d=
Determine whether each sequence is
arithmetic or not. If it is arithmetic, give the
common difference. Otherwise, write NA on
the blank.
d=7 1. 12,19,26,33,… ARITHMETIC
NOT ARITHMETIC
2. 5,-5,5,-5,…
3. 2, ½, ¼, 1/8,NOT
… ARITHMETIC
d=3 4. 12,15,18,21,… NOT ARITHMETIC
d=2x+4 5. x+3, 3x+7, 5x+11, ARITHMETIC
d=-4 7x+15,… ARITHMETIC
d=0.6 6.
ARITHMETIC
7. NOT ARITHMETIC
8.
Let us take the first four terms.
Let
Consider the table below and complete
it. Observe how each term is rewritten.
𝑎4 𝑎5 𝑎6 𝑎7 𝑎8 𝑎𝑛
 Proving the Arithmetic Sequence
In general, the first n terms of an
arithmetic sequence with as first
term and d as common difference
are
3, 7, 11, 15, …

4 4 4
𝑎1 , 𝑎 1 + d, 𝑎1 + 2d, 𝑎1 + 3d, …,
Find the common difference in
the arithmetic sequence: 5, x,1,
…
 Finding the nth term of arithmetic sequence

Formula:
𝑎 𝑛 =𝑎1+ ( 𝑛− 1 ) 𝑑
𝑊 h𝑒𝑟𝑒 :is the first term
𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑡h 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑑𝑖𝑠 𝑡h𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒.
 𝑎 𝑛 =𝑎 1+ ( 𝑛− 1 ) 𝑑

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑎 𝑛 =𝑎 1+ ( 𝑛− 1 ) 𝑑
𝑛¿ 10
𝑎1 ¿ 5
𝑑¿ 7
𝑎10¿ +¿
5 ( 10 −)
17
𝑎10¿ +¿
5 (9)7
𝑎10¿ +¿
5 63
𝑎10¿ 68
1. Find the 15th term of the
sequence 6,14,22,30…
2. What is the of the sequence
14,19,24,29…
3. Find the 14th term of the
sequence
4. What is 14,12,10,8,6…
the 25th term of the
arithmetic sequence -11,-16,-21,-
5. Find the 33rd term of an
26…?
arithmetic sequence whose first
term is 2/3 and a common
6. In the arithmetic sequence -7, -4, -1, 2, …, what
term is 44?

7. If

8. If

9. The 16th term of an arithmetic sequence is 48

and if the common difference is 3, find the first
term.

10. The fourth term of an arithmetic sequence is 18

and the sixth term is 28. Give the first 3 terms.
6. In the arithmetic sequence -7, -4, -
1, 2, …, what term is 44?
7. If

8. If
9. The 16th term of an arithmetic sequence is 48 and
if the common difference is 3, find the first term.
10. The fourth term of an arithmetic sequence is
18 and the sixth term is 28. Give the first 3 terms.
Challenging Question:
Find the 6th term of the arithmetic
sequence with and .
 PERFORMANCE TASK #1.1

COPY AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

1. FIND THE 45TH TERM OF THE ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE 20,16,12,8,…

2. IN THE ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE In the arithmetic sequence -20, -13, -

6, 1, …, WHAT TERM IS 260?

3. THE 44TH OF AN ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE IS -159 AND IT’S FIRST TERM

IS 13. WHAT IF THE COMMON DIFFERENCE OF THE SEQUENCE?

4. FIND THE 67TH TERM OF AN ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE WHOSE

5. IN AN ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE, THE 7TH AND 21ST TERMS ARE 6

AND -22 RESPECTIVELY. FIND THE 30TH TERM OF THE SEQUENCE.