Small Unit Tactics

General Military Subject

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Scope of Instruction
A. B. C. D. PATROLLING RAIDS AMBUSCADES RIFLE SQUAD TACTICS

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PATROLLING
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PATROLLING
DEFINITION OF TERMS: 1. Patrol - is a detachment sent out from a unit to perform an assigned mission of reconnaissance or combat or a combination of both. 2. Patrol Order An order issued by the patrol leader using the five (5) basic paragraphs of an OPORD.

3. Warning Order Preliminary notice of action or orders that are to follow. These are usually oral or written messages.

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4. Route - An access intended for use of the patrol in going in or from objective. 5. Primary Route Route intended for use of patrol to objective and returning to friendly forces. 6. Alternate Route - Route intended for use of patrol when the primary route is not feasible. 7. Rallying Point - Point where the patrol were assemble or re-

organized.

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AIMS IN PATROLLING:
To gather information To provide protection and Security To harass the Enemy

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TYPES OF PATROLS ACCORDING TO NATURE OF MISSION

1. Reconnaissance Patrol: a. Point Recon- one which was undertaken to secure information about a specific location or small specific areas, usually known position activity. b. Area Recon one which was undertaken to secure information about extended areas. 2.

Combat Patrol: a. Raid- the mission of which is to destroy or capture enemy personnel, equipment, destroy installation or liberate friendly troops. b. Ambush- ambush enemy patrol and provides protection against surprise enemy ambush. c. Contact- this establishes or maintains contact with friendly or enemy forces. d. Economy of Force- this will perform limited objectives mission such as seizing and holding critical terrain to allow maximum forces to be used elsewhere. e. Security- protection from enemy infiltration and surprise ambush/attack.
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FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE CONDUCT OF COMBAT PATROL: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Formation and Order of Movement Rallying Point Action at the Danger Area Action at the Objective Action upon Enemy Contact

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SKILLS INTEGRATED INTO PATROLLING: 1. Leadership 2. Team work 3. Individual and Unit security 4. Communication 5. Ability to Operate Day and Night

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STEPS IN CONDUCTING PATROL

1. 2. 3. 4. Study and analyze the mission Study the Terrain Situation Select Men, Weapon and Equipment Organize the Patrol and Execute the Mission.

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SPECIAL FORCES

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SPECIAL FORCES (SF)

As a major component of the Special Operations Command (SOCOM), SF plans, conducts, and support Special Operations in all operational environment in peace, conflict and war SF operations are normally joint and may be combined and/or part of a interagency activity. They may support or be supported by conventional forces. SF is an unconventional combat arm. SF commanders should employ tactics of supplementary or reinforcing combine arms. They may use PSYOPS, lift assets, and other resources to increase the effectiveness of independent SF operations. Normally, CS and CSS are being provided by the Area Command.
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The special forces team is composed of one (1) officer and eleven (11) enlisted personnel.

a.

The Team Leader

The team leader exercises command of the team and responsible for planning and supervising unit operations; training, morale, and discipline of his men; and the organization of activities and operations within the team s area of operations. He is equipped with map, compass, snap link and armed with Cal .45 pistol and Steyr rifle.

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b.

The Team Sergeant

The team sergeant is the principal assistant of the team leader. He is the tam technician who is knowledgeable in all fields of specialization. He attends to the administrative requirements of the team. During training, he can teach subjects on operations and intelligence. He is equipped with nap link and armed with m653 assault rifle. c. The Operations Sergeant

The operations sergeant is responsible for the planning of e team s preparation and infiltration into the area of operation. he is the jump master of the team. He can train CAFGU or guerilla personnel on operational functions. He is equipped with snap link, map, compass, night vision goggles and armed with m653 assault rifle.
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d.

The Intelligence Sergeant

The intelligence sergeant is responsible for the coordination of outer and inner security of the team s operational area. He can operate overt and covert intelligence net independently or along other AFP Units. he is also responsible for all aspects of intelligence, counter intelligence, and force protection for the team and its indigenous forces. He is armed with rappel rope, snap link and armed with M653 assault rifle. e. The Demolition and Sabotage Specialist

The demolition and sabotage specialist is responsible for the delay of enemy pursuit by placing mines and booby-traps in raids and ambuscades. He is a member of special purpose team. He is also the logistics NCO of the team. He can teach subjects on arming and disarming of explosives, placement of mines and booby traps and sabotage operations. He is equipped with demolition kit, snap link and armed with 7.62 mm m-14 assault rifle.
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f.

The Assistant Demolition and Sabotage Specialist:

The Assistant Demolition and Sabotage Specialist can teach subjects on demolition and can function similarly with the demo specialist. He is equipped with demolition kit, snap link and armed with 7.62 mm m-14 assault rifle. g. The Heavy Weapons Specialist:

The Heavy Weapons Specialist is the assistant of the operations sergeant in planning and preparation of camp defense plan/patrol base plan. He plans and conducts training on tactical security of the team. He can teach subjects on markmanship, operation, care and maintenance of government issued firearms. He is equipped with snap link and armed with M60 general purpose machine gun.

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h.

The Light Weapons Specialist

The Light Weapons Specialist assists the weapons specialist. He is responsible for the preparation of the cross loading plan of ammunition and other weapons repair equipment. He is equipped with snap link and armed with Minimi Squad Automatic Weapon. i. The Medical Specialist

The Medical Specialist functions as the psyops specialist. He is primary responsible in the preparation of personnel estimates and the medical requirements of the team. He ensures that each member has excellent health/physical condition, and provides training on combat life saving, ad hygiene and sanitation. He is the dive master and underwater specialist of the team. He is equipped with medical kit, snap link and armed with M16A1 assault rifle.

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k.

The Assistant Medical Specialist

The Assistant Medical Specialist functions similarly as the Medical Specialist. He is responsible in the preparation of personnel estimate and the medical/dental requirements of the team. He is equipped with medical kit and armed with M16A1 assault rifle. l. The Communication Specialist

The Communication Specialist prepares communication and signal plans of the team. He can instruct subject on installation of expedient antennae, message writing and continuous wave operation. He is equipped with URC 187 radio, snap link and armed with m653 assault rifle. m. The Assistant Communication Specialist

The Assistant Communication Specialist is responsible for the team radio. He can teach subject on radio telephone procedures, silent signals and different kind of guerilla communication system. He is equipped with PRC 77 radio, snap link and armed with m653 assault rifle.
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RANGER SQUAD Organization

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1. LEAD SCOUT He is the point man. He ensures the security of his squad. He always chooses the advantageous terrain during the movement. He is physically and mentally prepared to shoot the enemy first. Prepares himself for a quick draw, the safety lever of his rifle is on semi-automatic the whole time. 2. GUIDE The guide takes on a supporting role to the lead scout. He is expected to be always at the back of the lead scout, there are times that he will stay by the side of lead scout. When there is imminent danger to the front, the lead scout and the guide are abreast to maintain two rifles to unload their stinging bullets. The guide often controls the pace of the squad. The guide helps out in making path through the jungle. He makes sure that the squad is always on the right track.
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3. SQUAD OR TEAM LEADER The squad leader is in effective control of the squad. He is responsible for what his team does or fails to do. 4. RADIOMAN The radioman is the voice of command. He is responsible for all the signal equipment of the squad. He emphasizes radio security. He must always be beside the squad leader. He always gives feedback on all instructions.

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5. ASSISTANT RADIOMAN The assistant radioman has a lot of duties to perform for the team. He acts as the aircraft marshal and as the sniper of the squad. The assistant radioman assists the radioman with the operation of the squad s radio. 6. CONTACT MAN During commando operations, the contact man is the point man. He disguises as a rebel and mingles with the barrio residents to fish for information of intelligence value. He is responsible for the conduct of civil military operation. He is the squad s silent killing specialist. He is the primary interrogator of the squad. He is the media man of the squad. The contact man must also master the dialect in the area, as the intelligence agent of the squad and the demolitionist. 7. TAIL SCOUT He provides the rear security. He is responsible for the subsistence of the squad and policing the harboring area. He is in charge of counterattacking.
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RAID

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RAID is a surprise attack against enemy position or installation.

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Purpose of Raid
a. Destroy a position or installation

b. Destroy or capture enemy personnel or equipment. c. Liberate friendly personnel

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Types of Raid
a. Hasty raid is an immediate action in response to an unexpected meeting at close range with an enemy force. In this situation, the enemy force is considered a target opportunity. b. Deliberate raid is planned against a specific target. Detailed information of the target requires its size, organization, weapons, equipment, route of entry and exit, and activities and the time during which it will leave its location temporarily.
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Key Factors of Raid

a. Surprise achieved by attacking when the enemy is least prepared by attacking from unexpected direction. b.Firepower concentrate firepower at the right time for the target and exploit the weakest point and pierce through his defense. c. Violence attack aggressively and destruction. d.Swift withdrawal withdraw as fast as possible.
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Considerations for Planning a Raid

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. Sound Intelligence Planning, reconnaissance and rehearsals Security Concealment Good Control Simple Planning Maximum use of Firepower Battle Discipline Training

Organization for Raid

a. Command Group Provides command, control and communications necessary for the accomplishment of the mission. It starts from planning phase up to the time the mission is accomplished. b. Assault Element They accomplish the purpose of the raid by assaulting through the objective in close coordination with the support elements. c. Support Element Provides the suppressive fires on the objective to allow the assault elements to close in. Fires are shifted or lifted in coordination with assault elements on prearranged signals. d. Security Element Provides early warning to the raiding party before the raid. Once the raid commences, they seal off the objective by not allowing any enemy reinforcement to enter the objective area. They are the first to be emplaced and the last to withdraw.
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6.

Conduct and Execution

a. Preparations The briefing for raid must be as detailed and exhaustive as possible. Terrain sketches must be used to properly orient the members of the raiding team. After the briefing, maximum secrecy must be maintained. As much as possible, all troops must be confined at the camp after the briefing. Through rehearsals, things that can do wrong must be identified and provided a solution. b. Action at the Objectives Assemble the team near the objective and establish security, if possible make a leader s reconnaissance taking along subordinate leaders. Confirm plans and announce changes. Dispatch elements to their positions. This improves the combat group capability for decisive action if prematurely detected by the enemy.
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c. Maneuver Penetration and envelopment on the enemy flank or rear is normally preferred over other type of maneuver. Aggressive fire and maneuver by assaulting team are conducted to overcome enemy resistance. As the enemy place is located, the fire and maneuver elements of the assaulting force generally move on a single line with the fire concentrated generally on a selected and limited area of the enemy defense perimeter. The objective of the initial assault is to achieve penetration on the enemy s position. Once penetration is made, it is exploited until the objective is taken. During the assault, supporting fires continue until lifted or shifted by the ground commander. Reorganization Immediately after the execution of the assault, the team consolidate and re-organize if necessary for immediate withdrawal. Normally, the route for withdrawal is different from the route of assault.

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AMBUSHCADES

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Ambush is defined as a surprise attack from a concealed position on a moving or temporary halted enemy.

Planning Considerations: 1. Covering the entire killing zone by fire. 2. Using existing or reinforcing obstacles (Claymores and other mines). 3. Protecting the assault and support elements by using security elements or teams to isolate the killing zone. 4. Timing the actions of all the elements of the ambushers to preclude loss of surprise.

Ambush Formations
1) Linear In an ambush using a linear formation, the assault and support elements are deployed parallel to the enemy s route. This formation can be used in closed terrain that restricts the enemy s ability to maneuver against the ambusher or in open terrain that provide a means of keeping the enemy in the killing zone. 2) L-Shaped An ambush in which the assault elements forms the long leg to the enemy s direction of movement along the killing zone while the support elements forms the short leg at one end of and right angle to the assault elements. This formation can be used in a sharp bend in trial, road or steam. It should not be used where the short leg would have to cross a straight road or trail because it leaves a mark or traces that compromise the ambush.

Categories of Ambush:
1) Hasty Is an ambush conducted when it makes visual contact with an enemy force and there is no time to plan to establish an ambush. The actions for a hasty ambush must be well rehearsed so that the ambushers knows what to do on the leader s signal of attack or same is through when compromised. 2) Deliberate Ambush: An ambush conducted against a specific target at a predetermined location and the commander has enough time to plan to establish the ambush. The leader requires detailed information in planning a deliberate ambush such as: a) Size & composition of the targeted enemy unit. b) Weapon & equipment available to the enemy. c) Times that the targeted unit will reach or pass specified points along the route

Types of Ambush:
1) Point Ambush - In a point ambush, soldiers deploy to attack an enemy in a single kill zone. The platoon leader should consider the following sequence of actions when planning a deliberate point ambush. 2) Area Ambush In an area ambush, the elements are deployed in two (2) or more related point ambush. The platoon leader should consider the following sequence of actions when planning a deliberate area ambush:

INFANTRY RIFLE SQUAD TACTICS

ORGANIZATION
a. Rifle Squad Leader Responsible for all that the Rifle Squad does or fails to do. He is tactical leader and, as such, leads by example. Armaments: M16 Assault Rifle Equipment: Map and Compass, Handheld FM Radio, Binocular, Utility Rope

b. Team Leader There are two (2) team leaders in the squad, one (1) for each fire team. They lead by personal example and help the squad leader. They control the movement of their fire teams. They ensure that their soldiers maintain the unit standards in all areas. They are the eyes and ears of the team. Provide short range anti-armor capability for the squad and the platoon. Armaments: M16 Assault Rifle, LAW Equipment: Map and compass, NVG, Utility rope.

c. Automatic Rifle Man There are two (2) automatic rifle men in the squad, one (1) for every team. He is responsible in providing sustained automatic fire for the squad and secure the left flank area during movements and halts. Armaments: Equipment: d. Grenadier There are two (2) grenadiers in the squad, one (1) for each fire team. He provides grenade capability to the squad and the platoon for maximum firepower and secure the right flank area of the squad during movement and halts. Armaments: M16 Assault Rifle attach with 40 MM grenade launcher Equipment: 40 MM Ammo Pouches, Utility rope
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Squad automatic (SAW) Ultimax SAW Ammo Pouches, Utility rope

e. Rifle Man

There are two (2) Rifle Man in the Squad, one (1) each fire team. They are responsible for the food supply and medical requirements of the team. He monitors the health and hygiene of the squad and provides technical expertise and supervisions of the combat lifesavers. He erased the tracks left team during operations. Armaments: M16 Assault Rifle Equipments: Medical kit, Cooking Utensils, Utility rope

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INFANTRY RIFLE SQUAD FORMATION

a.Wedge Formation (Fire Team) The wedge is the basic formation for the fire team. The interval between soldiers and wedge formation normally is ten (10) meters. The wedge expands and contracts depending on the terrain. When rough terrain, poor visibility, or other factors make control of the wedge difficult, fire team modifies the wedge.
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FIGURE 1. Fire Team Wedge (Squad leader may choose his position depending on the terrain and enemy position, and or, where he thinks he can best command his men)

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b. Squad Column The squad column is the most common formation. It provides good dispersion laterally and depth without sacrificing, control and facilitates maneuver. The leader fire team is the base fire team. When the squad moves independently or as the rare elements of the platoon, the rifleman in the tail fire team provides rear security.
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c. Squad Line The squad line provides maximum firepower to the front. When a squad is acting as the base squad, the fire team on the right is base fire team.

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d. Squad File When not traveling in a column or line, squad travels in file. The squad file has the same characteristics as the fire team file, if the squad leader of desire increase his control over the formation, exert greater moral presence by leading from the front, and be immediately available to make key decisions. He will move forward to the first or second position. Moving the team leader to the last position can provide additional control over the rear of the formation.

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6.MOVEMENTS AND TECHNIQUES A movement technique is the manner a squad uses to traverse terrain. The selection of a movement technique is based on the likelihood of enemy contact and the need for speed factors to consider each technique are controls, dispersion, speed and security.

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Three types of movement techniques: a. Traveling - is used when contact with the enemy is not likely an speed is needed b. Traveling over watch - is used when contact is possible. Attached weapons move near the squad leader and his command so he can employ them quickly. c. Bounding Over watch is used when enemy contact is expected. It is most secured, but the slowest movement technique.
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