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Introduction To Data Warehousing

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4 views19 pages

Introduction To Data Warehousing

Uploaded by

k3333dua
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data

Warehousin
g&
Data Mining
Introduction

• Data

• Databases

•Data Warehouse
Data
• Data are raw facts and figures collected together for reference or
analysis.
What is an Information System
(IS)?
System for transforming raw data into information that can be used in
decision making
Data Versus Information
• Information is the meaningful, useful interpretation of data
Data Versus Information
• We’re told we live in the “information age”.
• People often talk about data and information as if there were the same.
They are, in many regards, opposite.
• Information is data that is presented in a meaningful, understandable
and beneficial format. Information is data that has been organized ,
sequenced, correlated and summarized, such as a phone book.
• A phone book is information. It not only contains names and phone
numbers, but it correctly associates each person’s phone number with
their names. It presents this list of correlated names and phone
numbers in alphabetical sequence, so that we find the phone number
from the name. In addition, it divides the phone numbers into two types;
personal and business.
• It is the function of the computer to convert data to information.
Data is everywhere
yet ...
• People can’t find the data they need
- data is scattered over the network
- many versions, subtle differences
• People can’t get the data they need
– need an expert to get the data
• People can’t understand the data they
found
– available data poorly documented
• People can’t use the data they found
– results are unexpected
– data needs to be transformed from one form
to other
The Levels of Data in a
Database
• The layers in a database are:

• Bits – The lowest layer made of 1s and 0s


• Characters – Letters, numbers, and symbols
• Fields – Areas that contain data identified by field names
(Examples: First Name; Address; City)
• Records – Contain a group of fields
• Data files – Contain related records
• Databases – The top layer made of one or more data files
(Example: ABC Company Address Book Mailing list,
Employee list, Vendor list)
Definitions
• Database: The database is a place where you put your data; data that
you wish to convert to information at some future time.
• Database Management System: A DBMS is the software that converts
the data in your database to information. It is the DBMS that provides
you the capability for cross-referencing, correlating, sorting,
summarizing, etc.
Relational Database
Management Systems
• Relational database management systems are the most
widely used type of DBMS.
• Data in several files are related through the use of a common
key field.
Data Warehousing
• Data Warehousing:
• Supplements DBMSs by bringing together all data into one huge
database
• Organizes management’s decision-making process
What is a Data Warehouse?
A single, complete and consistent store of
data obtained from a variety of different
sources made available to end users in a way
they can understand and use in a business
context.
What is Data Warehousing?
A process of transforming data into Information
information and making it available
to users in a timely manner.

Data
Operational Systems
• Run the business in real time.
• Based on up-to-the-second data.
• Optimized to handle large numbers of simple
read/write transactions.
• Optimized for fast response to predefined
transactions.
• Used by people who deal with customers, products --
clerks, salespeople etc.
• They are increasingly used by customers.
OLTP – Online Transaction
Processing

• OLTP applications normally automate clerical data processing tasks


such as data entry and enquiry, transaction handling etc. involving
access, read and update operations.
• Run day-to-day operations.
• The operations are structured and repetitive in nature.
• Data stored is volatile in nature ie. changing.
• Require detailed and up-to-date data.
Applications of OLTP
 Order Processing
 Inventory
 Banking
 Reservation
 Accounts Payable
 General Ledger etc.
Examples of Operational Data

Data Industry Usage Volumes


Customer All Track
File Customer Small-medium
Details
Account Finance Control
Balance account Large
activities
Point-of- Retail Generate Very Large
Sale data bills, manage
stock
Call Telecomm- Billing Very Large
Record unications
Production Manufact- Control Medium
Record uring Production
What are the needs of users...
• Data should be integrated across the enterprise
• Summary data has a real value to the
organization
• Historical data holds the key to understanding
data over time
• What-if capabilities are required
Than
k You

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