Rajkiya Engineering College Azamgarh

Presentation on
Project

EDUCHAIN

Presented By: Under the supervision of:

Shruti Singh (1773613052) Mr. Ashok Kumar Yadav
Ashutosh Pandey (1773613014) Assistant Professor
Durgesh Kumar (1773613023) Department of Information
Technology.
 Table of Contents

Introduction to Blockchain
Components of Blockchain
Features of Blockchain
Project Definition
Blockchain Development Platforms
Problems in Existing System
Features of Blockchain to mitigate the problems
Workflow of project
Tools & Technologies
References
 Introduction to Blockchain Technology

Blockchain technology is a shared, distributed public ledger of

records that can record transactions in more efficient and verifiable

way.
 Ledger in the blockchain keeps a record of all transactions

concluded across the peer to peer network.

Blockchain can also be seen as combination of cryptography and

distributed systems.
Centralized vs Decentralized vs Distributed

Fig 1 :Centralized, Decentralized and Distributed

(Img Src : https://images.app.goo.gl/LovYUFFWiwo6yHdm8)

 Components of Blockchain

Public Key Cryptography

Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Merkle Tree
Hash Function
Digital Signature
Consensus Algorithm
 Public Key Cryptography
There are two types of cryptography-

1. Symmetric Cryptography (shared key)

2. Asymmetric Cryptography( Public and Private keys)

 Asymmetric cryptography is also known as public key cryptography.

 Sender encrypts the message with receiver’s public key and receiver

decrypt the message with his own private key.

 Elliptic Curve Cryptography
• ECC generates key
through the
properties of
elliptic curve
equation.

• An elliptic curve is
a graph that
represents the
points generated
by elliptic Fig 2 : ECC
(ImgSrc:https://images.app.goo.gl/
equation. AarvnGGhrx4jPaRg6)
 Merkle Tree

In a merkle tree, each non-leaf node is the hash of the values of

their child node.

Fig 3 : Merkle Tree

 Hash Function
• Hashing transforms and maps an
arbitrary length of input data value
to a unique fixed length value.
• Most commonly used hashing
functions are:
1.SHA-3
2.SHA-256
3.Keccak-256

Fig 4 : Hashing
 Properties of Hashing
Deterministic.

Quickly computed.

One-way function

Pre-image resistance and Secondary pre-image resistance.

Even a small change in the input will change the entire output.

 Collision-resistant.

 Puzzle friendly.
Digital Signature

Fig 5 : Digital Signature

 Consensus Algorithm
It is the most important feature of Blockchain Technology as it

develops trust in trustless environment and ensures that all the nodes
in the blockchain network reaches to a common agreement.
Some common Consensus mechanism used are-

1. Proof-of -Work(PoW) : It is used in Bitcoin.

2. Proof-of-Stake(PoS) : It is used in Ethereum.
3. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance(PBFT) : It is used in
Hyperledger.
Proof-of-Work(PoW)

Fig 6 : Proof-of-Work
 Types of Blockchain

There are three types of blockchain:

Public Blockchain : open to everyone.

Private Blockchain : access provided by a single authority.

Consortium Blockchain : access provided by a group of authorities.

 Public Vs Private Vs Consortium

Features Public Consortium Private

Consensus All miner Approved Miner Approved member of

Determination one organization

Centralization Fully Partial Partial

decentralized decentralized decentralized

Read Access Open to all Only approve nodes Only approve nodes

Write Access Anyone Approved members Approved members

Transparency Open Open Closed

Network Size Large(10000) Small(10-100) Small(10-100)

Consensus Permissionless Permissioned Permissioned

Table 2 : Public vs Private vs Consortium
Architecture of Blockchain

Fig 7 : Structure of Block

Architecture of Blockchain (Contd..)

Fig 8 : Architecture of Blockchain

Working of Blockchain

Fig 9 : Functionality Diagram of Blockchain

 Blockchain Features

Peer to peer network

Scalability
Reliability
Immutability
Security
Transparency
Ensures trust in trustless enivronment
 Project Definition
This project is the application of Blockchain Technology in the field

of education.
The term Educhain is a combination of two words: Education

system and Blockchain.

The main aim of this project is to store and share the academic

records of students in more efficient and secured way using

Blockchain Technology.
 Existing system for academic records storage
The current system for storing academic records is purely centralized.

The records which are relevant to schools, only those records are kept

in schools. Same is the case with colleges and other institutes.

The whole academic records and certificates of the students are stored

in mainly two ways:

• Physical storage

• Digital storage
 Problems in existing system
Physical Storage: Digital Storage:
 Wear and tear problem.  Stored on a central server.
 Can be easily theft or lost.  Central point failure.
 Not easily accessible.  Not accessible by everyone.
 Not interoperable.  Security issues.
 Less availability.  Not interoperable.
 Problems in existing system (contd.)
Interoperability problem:

student
Submitted documents:
college Studentinstitute
training Trainer
• High school
certificate Sorry sir, Show me
it is your high
• Intermediate certificate school
submitte
• Transfer Certificate d in certificat
• Character Certificate college e

Fig10 : Inter-operability Problem

Features of blockchain technology to
mitigate the problems

Fig11 : Features of blockchain technology to mitigate the problems

 Blockchain Development Platforms
• Introduction to Bitcoin
• Introduction of Ethereum
• Introduction to Hyperledger
 Introduction to Bitcoin

• Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency which was

introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto in his
white paper in 2008.
• Bitcoin is used in decentralized peer to peer
network.
• Blockchain is a technology behind Bitcoin. Fig 12 : Bitcoin
• Bitcoin solves two basic problem-
1. Double Spending.
2. Central point failure.
 Introduction to Ethereum
Ethereum is the application of blockchain
technology beyond financial services.
Ethereum is a blockchain platform which
enables us to write a smart contract for
developing decentralizeed applications(Dapps).
Ethereum uses Ethereum Virtual Machine(EVM).
 Ethereum was launched in 2015 by
Vitalik Buterin.
Fig13 : Ethereum
(Img Src: https://ethereum
 Some Terms used in Ethereum

EVM: Ethereum Virtual Machine allows developers to develop

decentralized application.
Gas: Gas is a unit which ensures that any transactions in not

running forever. It also computes that how much resources are used
in the execution of the transaction.
Ether: Ether is a token which is used in Ethereum
 Smart Contracts
Smart Contracts is a immutable piece of code which performs the

functionality which is mentioned in the code.

Smart Contract is a digital contract.

Smart Contract is written in Solidity Programming language.

Smart Contract is very useful as it removes all the intermediaries from

any application.
 Introduction to Hyperledger
• Hyperledger is neither a blockchain
nor a cryptocurrency.
• It is actually a project under The Linux
Foundation.
• It provides some tools and
frameworks for the development
of blockchain applications.
Fig 14 : Hyperledger
 Bitcoin Vs Ethereum Vs Hyperledger
Characteristics Bitcoin Ethereum Hyperledger

Permission Permissionless Permissionless Permissioned

Restrictions

Consensus Proof-of-work Proof-of-work PBFT

Native currency Bitcoin Ether No

Business Logic Bitcoin Smart contracts Chaincode

Scripting
Language.

Table 1 : Bitcoin vs Ethereum vs Hyperledger

 Reasons for using consortium blockchain
The academic records and certificates contain confidential information

which cannot be shared with everyone.

We cannot use private blockchain because there will be again a

centralization problem .
We want only trusted and known organizations to collaborate.

Using consortium blockchain will provide us decentralization.

 System design of Educhain
User Layer – users interacting with blockchain
through wallets

Blockchain Layer - Transaction Records,

consensus, P2P network

System Layer – smart contracts

Fig 15 : System design of Educhain

Proposed Model (User layer)

Fig 16 : Proposed Model (User layer)

Proposed model (Continued..)

Fig 17 : Proposed model (Blockchain layer)

Proposed model (Continued…)

Fig 18 : Workflow of our proposed model

Tools and Technologies used for Educhain
Ethereum platform
Smart contracts.
Solidity for writing smart contracts.
Remix IDE.
Ganache and Truffle.
Nodejs
Postman tool for APIs.
IPFS
 Some important notes for the project
Front end (HTML and javascript) is connected to the back end (smart

contract) with the help of ABI (Application Binary Interface) and the
address of the contract.
ABI contains all the necessary artifacts after the compilation of .sol

file.
Smart contract is deployed on the test network.

Metamask wallet is used for storing the ethers.

 Some glimpses of implementation
We have created smart contracts for students and
organizations.
 Continued..
We have deployed our smart contract on Remix IDE using
injected web3.
 Current status of project
Stage Status Date
Choosing project topic Done 20/06/2020
Project proposal Done 30/06/2020
Literature survey Done 01/07/2020 - 01/11/2020
Project Planning Done 03/11/2020 - 03/12/2020
Project Implementation In progress 04/12/2020 - Present
Testing -
Re-iterating project -
Final submission -
 Project metadata

Development Model Iterative Waterfall

Used
Expected completion Till Janauary 2021
Expected cost Rs. 0 (only some ethers)
Expected output -
 About Team:

NAME ROLL NUMBER ROLE IN

PROJECT

Shruti Singh 1773613052 Project Leader +

Backend

Ashutosh Pandey 1773613014 Backend+

Documentation

Durgesh Yadav 1773613023 Front end

 References
Hongzhi Li and Dezhi Han. “EduRSS: A Blockchain based
educational records secure storage and sharing scheme.” IEEE 2019.

Y. Chen, S. Ding, Z. Xu, H. Zheng, and S. Yang, ‘‘Blockchain-based

medical records secure storage and medical service framework,’’ J.
Med. Syst., vol. 43, no. 1, p. 5, Nov. 2019.

 G.Chen,B.Xu,M.Lu,and N.S.Chen,‘‘Exploring blockchain technology

and its potential applications for education,’’ Smart Learn. Environ.,
vol. 5, no. 1, p. 1, 2018.
ANY QUERY ???