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18 views29 pages

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Uploaded by

Charessa Corsiga
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© © All Rights Reserved
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QUARTER 1

Geometric
Sequence,
Geometric Means
and Geometric
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
If arithmetic sequences are formed by
addition, geometric sequences are
formed by multiplication.
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE is a sequence of
numbers where each term after the first is
found by multiplying the previous one by a
fixed, non-zero number called the
common ratio.
Formula for the nth term of a
Geometric Sequence

The nth term, or an, of a geometric sequence


with first term a1, and n is the number of
terms,
and common ratio r is given by the formula :
or
Example 1a:
Find the next 5 terms of a geometric sequence if
a1 = 3 and r = 4.
Solution : an = an – 1 • r
a2 = a1 • r = 3 • 4 = 12
a3 = a2 • r = 12 • 4 = 48
a4 = a3 • r = 48 • 4 = 192
a5 = a4 • r = 192 • 4 = 768
Example 1b:
Find the terms a2, a3, a4 and a5 of a geometric
sequence if a1 = 10 and r = –1.
Solution : an = an – 1 • r
a2 = a1 • r = 10 • (–1) = – 10
a3 = a2 • r = – 10 • (–1) = 10
a4 = a3 • r = 10 • (–1) = – 10
a5 = a4 • r = – 10 • (–1) = 10
Example 2:
Find the 10th term of a geometric sequence if 8, 32,
128, 512, …
Solution : an = a1 r n – 1
a10 = a1r10 – 1
= 8 (4)10 – 1
= 8 (4)9
a10 = 2 097 152
Example 3:
Find the 10th term of a geometric sequence if a1 = 25
and the common ratio r = 0.2.
Solution : an = a1 rn – 1

a10 = a1r10 – 1
= 25 (0.2)10 – 1
= 25 (0.2)9
a10 = 0.0000128
Example 4:
Given the geometric sequence 8, -8, 8, -8, …, find
a)the 12th term b) the 15th term
a n = a 1 rn – 1 a n = a 1 rn – 1
a12 = a1r12 – 1 a15 = a1r15 – 1
= 8 (-1)12 – 1 = 8 (-1)15 – 1
= 8 (-1)11 = 8 (-1)14
a12 = -8 a15 = 8
Example 5:
Find the first term of a geometric sequence whose
5th term is 4 and whose common ratio is ½.
Solution : a5 = 4, r = ½ and n = 5

an = a1 rn – 1
a5 = a1(½)5 – 1
4 = a1(½)4

64 = a1
Example 6:
Find the first term of a geometric sequence whose fifth and
eighth terms are 405 and 10 935, respectively.
Solution : a5 = 405, a8 = 10 935, r = ? and a1 = ?
an = a 1 • r n – 1
a5 = a1•r5 – 1
405 = a1 (3)4
405 = a1 (81)

5 = a1
GEOMETRIC MEAN
A term between two terms of a geometric sequence is
called the GEOMETRIC MEAN or more specifically MEAN
PROPORTIONAL.
If b is the mean proportional between a and d then by
definition of geometric sequence.
Therefore, the mean proportional between
two numbers is equal to the square root of
their product.
Example 7:
Find the geometric mean of 4 and 484.
Solution : Therefore, the geometric
mean between 4 and 484 is
44 or -44.

The sequence can be


written as 4, 44, 484 or 4,
−44, 484.
Example 8:
Find the geometric mean of 7 and 63.
Solution : Therefore, the geometric
mean between 7 and 63 is
21 or -21.

The sequence can be written


as 7, 21, 63 or 7, −21, 63.
Example 9:
Insert two geometric means between 6 and 750.

Solution : 6, __, __, 750


a1 = 6
a4 = a1 r4 – 1 an = a n – 1 r
a4 = 750
750 = 6r3 a2 = a1 r = 6(5) = 30
r=?
125 = r3
a3 = a2 r = 30(5) = 150
r=5
Therefore, the two geometric means between 6 and 750 are 30 and 150.
Example 10:
Insert 3 geometric means between 28 and 448.
Solution : 28, ___, ___, ___, 448
an = a n – 1 r
GEOMETRIC SERIES
The sum of a geometric sequence is called a GEOMETRIC SERIES.
GEOMETRIC SERIES
The sum of a geometric sequence is called a GEOMETRIC SERIES.
FINITE GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
The following conditions on the common ratio (r) of the sequence must be
observed and considered:
If r = 1, then Sn = na1
Example 1.
Find the sum of the first 7 terms of 2, 2, 2, 2.

Therefore, the sum of the first


7 terms of 2,2,2,2,,, is 14.
FINITE GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
The following conditions on the common ratio (r) of the sequence must be
observed and considered:
If r = 1, then Sn = na1

Example 2.
Find the sum of the first 100 terms of −𝟓, − 𝟓, − 𝟓, …

Therefore, the sum of the first 100 terms of


−5, −5, −5, … is −500.
FINITE GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
The following conditions on the common ratio (r) of the sequence must be
observed and considered:
If 𝑟 = −1, then Sn = 0 if n is even
Sn = a1; if n is odd
Example 3.
Find the sum of the first 20 terms of the sequence − 𝟑, 𝟑, − 𝟑, 𝟑, …

The common ratio is −1 and n is even therefore, Sn = 0.


The sum of the first 20 terms of the sequence −3,3, −3,3 is 0.
FINITE GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
The following conditions on the common ratio (r) of the sequence must be
observed and considered:
If 𝑟 = −1, then Sn = 0 if n is even
Sn = a1; if n is odd
Example 4.
What is the sum of the first 11 terms of the sequence 𝟓, − 𝟓, 𝟓, − 𝟓,
…?

The common ratio is −1 and n is odd, therefore, Sn = a1

The sum of the first 11 terms of the sequence 5, −5,5, −5 is 5.


Example 5.
Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the sequence 4, 12… and 10th
term is 78732.
Since the 10th term of the sequence is
given, so we use the formula:
Therefore, the sum
of the first 10
terms of the given
sequence is
118 096.
Example 6.
Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the sequence 4,12, 36.
Since the nth term of the
sequence is not given, so
we use the formula:

Therefore, the sum of the first 10


terms of the sequence 4, 12, 36 is
118 096.
Example 7:
Find the sum of the first six terms of the geometric sequence 3, – 6, 12,…
Solution :
a1 = 3
r=–2
n= 6
S6 = ?
GEOMETRIC SERIES
The sum of a geometric sequence is called a GEOMETRIC SERIES.
Example 8

Since the common ratio is less than 1,


therefore the sum to infinity exists.
Example 9

Solution :
a1 = ½
r=½

The sum to infinity is 1.


Example 10

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