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Describing Motion

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15 views55 pages

Describing Motion

Uploaded by

secretloveu17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Describing Motion

c
Objectives
• Distinguish scalar and vector
quantities
• Describe motion of an object in
terms of distance and
displacement, speed and velocity
and acceleration.
• Measure the distance and
displacement on object using
What does this symbol mean?

NO for whatever
is at the center of
the circle; e.g., a
swimmer in
dangerous water,
no passing on a
highway, etc.
What does this symbol mean?

STOP sign
What does this symbol mean?

DO NOT ENTER
sign
Can symbols be used to
express an idea or
concept?
What does this arrow mean?

An arrow could
represent going right,
a push to the right, or
A in general, something
to the right.
What does this arrow mean?

The arrow shows


something rising; going
up, increasing
e.g., motion, force or
upward direction.

B
What does this arrow mean?

Two things: First,


this arrow goes
left, not right; and
C secondly this
arrow is larger
What two properties of arrows seem to be
illustrated by A, B and C?
SIZE AND DIRECTION
Could an arrow indicate the DIRECTION or which
way something moves?
YES
Could an arrow indicate the MAGNITUDE such as
how fast something moves?
YES
Could an arrow indicate the ORIGIN of a force
acting on an object?
YES
VECTOR Arrowhead:
Tail: ORIGIN DIRECTION
Body: MAGNITUDE

SCALAR

Has MAGNITUDE only


SCALAR QUANTITIES
Definition: quantities that just have
magnitude (strength) but NO direction. Examples:

1. Speed 60 kph
2. Mass 42 kg
3. Volume 33 mL
4. Density 6 g/mL
5. Temperature 32°C
6. Distance 100 m
VECTOR QUANTITIES
Definition: quantities that have both
magnitude (strength) and direction. Example:
1. Velocity 60 mph East
2. Force 8 N south
3. Acceleration 3 m/s/s (m/s2) Left
4. Momentum16 Kg m/s Right
5. Electric Field 112 N/C East
6. Displacement 100 m, west
Check your
Understanding :
Quantity Scalar or Vector Quantity
5m SCALAR

30 m/s East VECTOR

5 mi. North VECTOR

20 degrees Celsius SCALAR


256 g SCALAR

4000 calories SCALAR


88 N south VECTOR
• When can we say that an
object is in motion?
• How do we describe the
motion of an object?
• What exactly is motion?
SCALAR VECTOR

NO HAS
direction direction

Exampl Example:
e: Displaceme
Distanc
nt
Motion
 a continuous change in
position with respect to a
reference point for a
particular time interval.
 refers to the object’s
change in position due to
point of reference or frame
of reference.
To describe motion accurately and completely, a frame of
reference is needed.
An object is in motion if it changes position
relative to a reference point/frame of reference.
• Objects that we call stationary—such
as a tree, a sign, or a building—make
good reference points.

The passenger can use a tree as a reference point to decide if


the train is moving. A tree makes a good reference point
because it is stationary from the passenger’s point of view.
Motion and
Position
You don't always need to see something
move to know that motion has taken
place.
A reference point is needed to
determine the position of an
object.
Motion occurs when an object
changes its position relative to a
reference point.
The motion of an object depends on
the reference point that is
Why is it necessary to choose a
single reference point (frame of
reference) when measuring
motion?
The motion appears to be
different in different frames of
reference.
Frame of Reference
Earth’s surface is used as a
 The
common reference point.

A moving object can be used as a


reference point as well
DISTANCE
An important part of describing the
motion of an object is to describe
how far it has moved, which is
distance.
refers to the length of the entire path
that the object travelled.
MEASURED IN:
The SI unit of length or distance is
the meter (m).

Longer distances are measured in


kilometers (km).

Shorter distances are


measured in centimeters
(cm).
DISPLACEMENT
• refers to the shortest distance
between the object’s two positions,
like the distance between its point of
origin and its point of destination, no
matter what path it took to get to
that destination.
Displacemen
t
Displacement is how far
you are from the
starting point, as if you
moved in a straight line.

The displacement and


distance traveled do
not have to be the
same.
Suppose a runner jogs to the 50-m
mark and then turns around and
runs back to the 20-m mark.

The runner travels 50 m in


the original direction
(north) plus 30 m in the
opposite direction
(south), so the total
distance she ran is 80 m.
Check Your
AUnderstanding
science teacher walks 4
meters East, 2 meters
South, 4 meters West, and
finally 2 meters North.
Teacher’s
Distance:
12m
Teacher’s
Displace
Check your
Understanding:
What is the
difference between
distance and
displacement?
Check for
Answer
Understanding:
Distance describes
how far (total
amount) an object
moves.

Displacement
describes how far
form the starting
point an object ends
COMBINING DISPLACEMENTS
DISPLACEMENT
THAT ISN’T A
STRAIGHT LINE

DISPLACEMENT ALONG A
STRAIGHT LINE
Same direction: ADD
Opposite direction:
SUBRACT
ENRICHMENT:
ACTIVITY :
I CAN GO THE
DISTANCE
Measure the distance and displacement
on object using Google Maps.
FINDING DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT
USING GOOGLE MAPS
Direction:

1. First, open your


Google Maps app on
your phone.
Direction:

2. If you want
to change the
type of the
map, turn on
the satellite.
3. Touch and
hold anywhere
on the map with
your finger on
the desired
spot.
You’ll see a red
pin appear.
4. At the
bottom, tap
the name of
the place.
On the
place’s page,
scroll down
and press on
measure
distance.
5. Click
anywhere on
the map to
create a path
you want to
measure.
6. Press the
“add Point”
button to set in
between points.
7. At the bottom,
you’ll see the
total distance.
(Km, m, mi)
8. For determining
the displacement,
you can tapped the
clear button. The
map will show the
displacement from
the point of origin to
the final
destination.
Total distance: 818m
Displacement : 241 m,
SW/going to South
Task: I Can Go The Distance!
Create your own trip! Make a story by planning
your own road trip to a destination of your choice using
google maps. Show possible reasons why a longer
route has to be taken than the shortest straight line
distance to the destination. (Example: Avoiding an
angry dog, accident/crash on road, traffic etc.)
You can only travel on roads, so you will need to
calculate each distance you travel. Show the print
screen of your roadmap and present in front of the
class. Make sure to discuss your distance and
displacement.
Speed vs. Velocity
1. How are speed and velocity similar?
They both measure how fast something is moving

2. How are speed and velocity different?


Velocity includes the direction of motion and speed
does not (the car is moving 5mph East)

7. Is velocity more like distance or


displacement? Why?
Displacement, because both are vectors which
include an amount and a direction.
The steepness of a line on a graph is called
slope.

• The steeper the slope is, the greater


the speed.
• A constant slope represents motion
at constant speed.

Using the points shown, the rise is


400 meters and the run is 2
minutes. To find the slope, you
divide
400 meters by 2 minutes. The
slope is 200 meters per minute.
Calculating Acceleration

As a roller-coaster car starts down a slope,


its speed is 4 m/s. But 3 seconds later,
at the
bottom, its speed is 22 m/s. What is
its average acceleration?

What information have you been


given?
Initial speed = 4 m/s Final
Speed = 22 m/s
Time = 3 s
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!!

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