Database Design and

Development

Topic 1:
Introduction to the Module

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.2

Scope and Coverage

This topic will cover:
• Introduction to the module
• Review of key material from level 4 databases
module
• Common uses of databases
• Types of databases
• Overview of database development

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.3

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this topic students will be able to:
• Understand which topics will be covered in the
module
• Recognise key material from the Level 4 Databases
module
• Outline common uses of databases and different
types of databases
• Give an overview of database development

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.4

Overview of the Module

1 Introduction to the Module

Key concepts in databases and database development

2 Enhancing Design 1
3 Enhancing Design 2
4 Data Retrieval 1
5 Data Retrieval 2
6 Physical Design 1
7 Physical Design 2
8 Physical Design 3
9 Physical Design 4
10 Distributed Databases
11 Data Warehouses
12 Summary

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.5

Pedagogic Approach
• Lectures...

• Workshops...

• Self-study...

• Tutorials...

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.6

Database System in Detail

DBMS serves as intermediary
between user and the database by translating
user requests into the complex code required
Customer to fulfill those requests
User Processing Application Requests
Application
METADATA
Data
Rental
User Processing
Application Requests DATA

Application Data

Application Requests
DBMS
Database
User Other
Data Management
Database
Application
System
Application programs might be written in a programming
language such as Visual Basic or C++, or it might
be created through a DBMS utility e.g. Access’s forms wizard

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.7

Common Types of Database

Systems
• Transaction processing systems

• Management Information Systems

• Data Warehouses

• Distributed Daabases

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.8

Common Uses of Database

Systems
• Purchasing from supermarkets
• Using a credit card
• Booking a holiday
• Using a library
• Taking out insurance
• Using the Internet
What others can you think of?

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.9

Activity: Entity Relationship

Modeling
• Give a definition of the following:
- Entity
- Attribute
- Relationship

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.10

Activity: Draw an ER model

• Draw an ER model for the following scenario:

• A student record system contains data about the

students at a college, the modules they are taking
and the course they are enrolled on. Each course
can have many modules; a student will take many
modules. A student will be enrolled on one course
only.

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.11

ER Solution

STUDENT COURSE

1 1
0..* 0..*
STUDENT MODULE
MODULE 0..* 1

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Activity - Metadata
• What is metadata?
• What are data types?
• Define metadata for an entity in:
- Student record system
- Car hire system
- Holiday booking system

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Key Concepts of Relational Model

• Relations and tables
• Attribute
• Domain
• Tuples and rows
• Primary Key
• Foreign Key

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Database Design and Development

• Development involves the whole life cycle of the
project to elicit the user requirements and produce
the database, applications and the supporting
hardware and software.

• Design focuses on producing the actual database

once the requirements have been gathered

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.15

Requirements Gathering
• Part of Systems Analysis

• Understanding what it is that the users want…

• A whole topic in itself!

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.16

Database Design
• “The process of creating a design that will support
the enterprise’s mission statement and mission
objectives for the required database system.”
Connolly and Begg

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.17

Phases of Database Design

• Conceptual database design

• Logical database design

• Physical database design

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.18

Database Design and our Topics

1 Introduction to the Module

Key concepts in databases and database development

2 Enhancing Design 1 CONCEPTUAL AND LOGICAL
3 Enhancing Design 2 CONCEPUTAL AND LOGICAL
4 Data Retrieval 1
5 Data Retrieval 2
6 Physical Design 1 PHYSICAL
7 Physical Design 2 PHYSICAL
8 Physical Design 3 PHYSICAL
9 Physical Design 4 PHYSICAL
10 Distributed Databases
11 Data Warehouses
12 Summary

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.19

Conceptual Database Design

• “The process of constructing a model of the data
used in an enterprise, independent of all physical
considerations.”
Connolly and Begg

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Activity - Why do Conceptual

Design?
• What is the purpose of doing design that doesn’t
take account of the eventual implementation,
ignores the data model, ignores the software that
will be used?

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.21

Logical Database Design

• “The process of constructing a model of the data
used in an enterprise based on a specific data
model, but independent of a particular DBMS and
other physical considerations.”
Connolly and Begg

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.22

Difference between Conceptual

and Logical Design
• Conceptual design is independent of data model
and target DBMS

• Logical model takes account of data model (but not

DBMS)

• Thus in logical design we know we are dealing with,

for example, a relational model

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.23

Logical Model Uses…

• Normalisation

• Ensures that relations derived from the data model

do not display data redundancy, which can cause
update anomalies.

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.24

Physical Database Design

• “The process of producing a description of the
implementation of the database on secondary
storage; it describes the base relations, file
organisations, and indexes used to achieve efficient
access to the data, and any associated integrity
constraints and security measures.”
Connolly and Begg

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.25

Additional Aspects of Development

• DBMS selection
• Application design
• Transaction design
• User interface issues
• Implementation
• Data conversion
• Testing

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Learning Outcomes - Revisted

By the end of this unit students will be able to:
• Understand which topics will be covered in the
module
• Recognise key material from the level 4 databases
module
• Outline common uses of databases and different
types of databases
• Give an overview of datbase development

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.27

References
• Database Systems A Practical Approach to Design,
Implementation and Management by Connolly, T. and
Begg, C. Fourth Edition, Addison and Wesley
• Chapters 1 and 9
• Database Systems Benyon-Davies Third Edition, Palgrave
• Chapter 14
• Kroenke, David M Database Concepts (2007) 3rd Edition.
Prentice Hall
ISBN-10: 9780131986251
ISBN-13: 978-0131986251

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 Introduction to the Module Topic 1 - 1.28

Topic 1 – Introduction to the Module

Any Questions?

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