TEACHING AIDS

” “We remember 20% of what we HEAR

We remember 30% of what we SEE
We remember 50% of what we SEE &
HEAR
We remember 90% of what we SAY & DO”

“I hear, I forget
I see, I remember
I do, I understand
 TEACHING AIDS
Teaching aids are the tools that
teachers use them in the classroom
such as flash cards,maps,cassette
and blackboard.
A teaching aid is a tool used by
teachers to help learners improve
reading and other skills, illustrate or
reinforce a skill, fact, or idea, and
relieve anxiety, fears, or boredom,
since many teaching aids are like
games.
Categories of Teaching
Aids
3 categories
1) Audio Aids
2) Visual Aid
3) Audio – Visual Aid
A-V aid imply, “anything by
means of which learning process
may be encouraged or carried on
through the sense of hearing or
the sense of sight.”
 CLASSIFICATION OF AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

PROJECTED & NON PROJECTED AIDS

NON PROJECTED
PROJECTE
GRAP D
HIC-
pictur
e, ACTIVITY
chart DIPLAY AIDS- CAI,
s, BOARDS- AUDIO demonstra
BB, bulletin 3- D AIDS-
maps board, AIDS- radio,
tions, SILENT-
, dramatics, slides,
flannel
globes, taperecord
SOUND
film
graph board, models, er, experimen strips,
- films
s, objects, ts, OHP
magnetic language
pupp board, field trip laboratory programm
ed
ets, specimens
instruction
flash
cards,
EDGAR DALE’S CLASSIFICATION
OF AUDIO VISUAL AIDS
NEED & IMPORTANCE
 Clarity
 Attention & interest
 Best motivators
 Use of maximum senses
 Saving time & effort
 Fixing and recalling the knowledge
 Meeting the individual differences
 Encouraging activities
 Introductory variety
 Development of scientific attitude
 Direct experiences
 Promotion of international understanding
 PRINCIPLES OF SELECTION &
EFFECTIVENESS IN USE
PRINCIPLE OF SELECTION
1) Educational value
2) Realization of objectives
3) Pupil centeredness
4) Interest and motivation
5) Simplicity
6) Relevancy and suitability
7) Accuracy
8) Encouragement
9) Well preparedness
10) Avoiding too many aids
11) Means to an end
12) Integration
13) availability of resources- size of classroom, finance,
PRINCIPLE OF USE
1) preparation- awareness,
teacher's preparation, students
participation
2) Proper presentation- handling,
checking, timely presentation,
avoiding distraction
3) Protection and preservation
4) Action
5) Follow up
6) Evaluation
CHARTS
 CHART
A chart is a useful way to present and
display information or instructions,
especially in a classroom or other
educational situation. It can range in
size from a large wall chart to a
single piece of paper.
Acc to Edgar Dale , “a chart is a
visual symbol summarising or
comparing or contrasting or
performing other helpful services in
explaning subject matter”
TYPES OF CHARTS
Picture chart
Time chart
Table chart
Graphic chart
Flow chart
Tree chart
Pie chart
FLASH CARDS
 FLASH CARDS
Flash cards are useful
for drilling new letters, words, and
other information. They are
normally used in a classroom, but
can also be used more informally.
A flash card is part of a set of
cards on which are written items
to be studied. They are “flashed”
(shown quickly) one by one to a
learner to elicit a quick response.
Flash cards are sets of cards printed
with information to be studied, such as
definitions
formulas
letters
multiplication tables
prefixes
words.
If there is an answer or solution to what
appears on the front of the card, it is
printed on the back so that the person
showing the cards can see if the
learner's answer is correct
FLIP CHARTS
 FLIP CHARTS
 Flip charts are useful in teaching situations where
you need to teach a number of people at a time.
They are used when books are unavailable, scarce,
or too expensive for individuals to have their own
copy when other media such as overheads and
slides are not available, and where group learning
is most culturally appropriate.
 A flip chart is a collection of large pages which are
bound together at the top. The pages are “flipped”
or brought up and to the back as they are used.
 A flip chart is bound together at the top in such a
way that the pages can be easily turned and lie
flat.
FLIP CARDS
FLANNEL BOARD
FLANNEL BOARD
It consists of a piece of flannel or
felt made from wool, stretched
tightly over a strong backing of
plywood. Pictures, cards and
similar material can be made
stick on it.
MODELS
MODEL
Models are replicas or copies of real
objects with suitable change in size,
complexity, timing, safety and cost
factors.
CLASSIFICATION-

1) Simplified
2) Scale
3) Working
4) Cross-sectional
5) Mock-ups
GLOBE
a globe is a spherical model of earth
GRAPHS
GRAPHS
Flat pictures which employ dots,
lines or pictures to visualize
numerical and statistical data to
show statistics or relationships.
Graphs are by nature a
summarizing device.
Effective tools for comparisons
and contrast.
KINDS

Flann
Line
el

Pictoria
l Bar
Circl
e or
pie
CARTOONS
CARTOONS
Acartoon is an interpretive
picture, usually a drawing,
intended to convey a message or
point of view about things, events
or situation; may make free use
of exaggeration and symbolism.
PUPPETS
SLIDES( TRANSPARENCIES
)
Any positive transparency
mounted individually for use in a
projector or viewing transmitted
light.
MOBILE TECHNOLOGY
Internetand Wi Fi
Touch screen
Games and quizzes
Mobile applications
 Any time & anywhere
 The value of mobile learning
 Itis important to bring new technology into the
classroom.
 Devices used are more lightweight than books and
PCs.
 Mobile learning can be used to diversify the types of
learning activities students (or a blended learning
approach).
 Mobile learning supports the learning process rather
than being integral to it.
 Mobile learning can be a useful add-on tool for
students with special needs. However, for SMS and
MMS this might be dependent on the students’
specific disabilities or difficulties involved.
 Mobile learning can be used as a ‘hook’ to re-engage
disaffected youth.
Benefits
Relatively inexpensive opportunities,
as the cost of mobile devices are
significantly less than PCs and laptops
Multimedia content delivery and
creation options
Continuous and situated learning
support
Decrease in training costs
Potentially a more rewarding learning
experience
 Technical challenges include

Connectivity and battery life

Screen size and key size
Meeting required bandwidth for
nonstop/fast streaming
Number of file/asset formats supported
by a specific device
Content security or copyright issue from
authoring group
Multiple standards, multiple screen sizes,
multiple operating systems
Limited memory

Social and educational challenges include

 Accessibility and cost barriers for end users

 How to assess learning outside the classroom
 Content's security or pirating issues
 Frequent changes in device
models/technologies/functionality etc.
 Developing an appropriate theory of learning for the
mobile age
 Design of technology to support a lifetime of learning
 No restriction on learning timetable
 Personal and private information and content
 No demographic boundary
 Disruption of students' personal and academic lives
 Access to and use of the technology in developing
countries
 Risk of distraction
INTERACTIVE WHITE
BOARD
an interactive whiteboard is a
large display that connects to a
computer and a projector
use of graphics and other visuals
to represent information
 Uses
 Running software that is loaded onto the connected PC, such
as a web browsers or other software used in the classroom.
 Capturing and saving notes written on a whiteboard to the
connected PC
 Controlling the PC from the white board using click and drag
, markup which annotates a program or presentation
 Using OCR software to translate cursive writing on a
graphics tablet into text
 Using an Audience Response System so that presenters can
poll a classroom audience or conduct quizzes, capturing
feedback onto the whiteboard
 Multimedia lessons and presentations including audio and
video
 Collaborative problem solving
 Showcasing student projects and presentations
 Virtual field trips
 Recorded lessons that can be used by substitute teachers